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COPYRIGHTED EXCERPTS IN DISCovering Authors PRODUCTS WERE REPRINTED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Bodine, Paul S. From "Sandra Brown: Overview" in Contemporary Popular Writers. Edited by Dave Mote. St. James Press, 1997. Copyright (c) 1997 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Briney, R. E. From "Robert Bloch: Overview" in St. James Guide to Crime & Mystery Writers, 4th edition. Edited by Jay P. Pederson. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Cusick, Edmund. From "The Last Temptation: Overview" in Reference Guide to World Literature, 2nd edition. Edited by Lesley Henderson. St. James Press, 1995. Copyright (c) 1995 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Faulkner, Peter. From "Angela Carter: Overview" in Reference Guide to Short Fiction, 1st edition. Edited by Noelle Watson. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Graham, Colin. From "Roddy Doyle: Overview" in Contemporary Novelists, 6th edition. Edited by Susan Windisch. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Kemp, Barbara E. From "Sandra Brown: Overview" in Twentieth-Century Romance and Historical Writers, 3rd edition. Edited by Aruna Vasudevan. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Kendle, Burton. From "Paul Bowles: Overview" in Contemporary Novelists, 6th edition. Edited by Susan Windisch. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Levernier, James A. From "The Last of the Mohicans: Overview" in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd edition. Edited by Jim Kemp. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Lewis, Naomi. From "Kenneth Grahame: Overview" in Twentieth-Century Children's Writers, 4th edition. Edited by Laura Stanley Berger. St. James Press, 1995. Copyright (c) 1995 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Lewis, Naomi. From "Laura Ingalls Wilder: Overview" in Twentieth-Century Children's Writers, 4th edition. Edited by Laura Stanley Berger. St. James Press, 1995. Copyright (c) 1995 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Lewis, Naomi. From "The Wind in the Willows: Overview" in Reference Guide to English Literature, 2nd edition. Edited by D. L. Kirkpatrick. St. James Press, 1991. Copyright (c) 1991 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

MacShane, Frank. From "Raymond Chandler: Overview" in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd edition. Edited by Jim Kemp. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Meem, Deborah T. From "Dorothy Allison: Overview" in Feminist Writers. Edited by Pamela Kester-Shelton. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Mercier, Cathryn M. From "Beverly Cleary: Overview" in Children's Writers, 4th edition. Edited by Laura Stanley Berger. St. James Press, 1995. Copyright (c) 1995 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Nadel, I. B. From "The Day of the Locust: Overview" in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd edition. Edited by Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Olpin, Larry. From "Winston Churchill: Overview" in Twentieth-Century Romance and Historical Writers, 3rd edition. Edited by Aruna Vasudevan. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Parker, Robert B. From "Dashiell Hammett: Overview" in St. James Guide to Crime & Mystery Writers, 4th edition. Edited by Jay P. Pederson. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Perkins, Michael. From "Thomas M. Disch: Overview" in Science Fiction Writers, 4th edition. Edited by Jay P. Peterson. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Pinarski, Annmarie. From "Dorothy Allison: Overview" in Gay and Lesbian Biography. Edited by Michael J. Tyrkus. St. James Press, 1997. Copyright (c) 1997 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Rosenberg, Judith. From "The Blue Jar: Overview" in Reference Guide to Short Fiction, 1st edition. Edited by Noelle Watson. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Rovit, Earl. From "Nathanael West: Overview" in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd edition. Edited by Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Smith, Christopher, From "Around the World in Eighty Days: Overview" in Reference Guide to World Literature, 2nd edition. Edited by Lesley Henderson. St. James Press, 1995. Copyright (c) 1995 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Taylor, Anna-Marie. From "Elias Canetti: Overview" in Contemporary World Writers, 2nd edition. Edited by Tracy Chevalier. St. James Press, 1993. Copyright (c) 1993 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Traylor, James L. From "Mickey Spillane: Overview" in St. James Guide to Crime & Mystery Writers, 4th edition. Edited by Jay P. Pederson. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

True, Michael. From "Stanley Kunitz: Overview" in Contemporary Poets, 26th edition. Edited by Thomas Riggs. St. James Press, 1996. Copyright (c) 1996 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Watt, R. J. C. From "The Big Sleep: Overview" in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd edition. Edited by Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Winkler, Michael. From "Elias Canetti :Overview" in Reference Guide to World Literature, 2nd edition. Edited by Lesley Henderson. St. James Press, 1995. Copyright (c) 1995 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

Woodress, James. From "Thomas Jefferson: Overview" in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd edition. Edited by Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. Copyright (c) 1994 St. James Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.

--From "'An Evening Thought' as a Protest Poem" in Writing about Black Literature. Edited by Chester J. Fontenot, Jr. Nebraska Curriculum Development Center, 1976. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Abbott, Anthony S. From The Vital Lie: Reality and Illusion in Modern Drama. University of Alabama Press, 1989. Copyright (c) 1989 by The University of Alabama Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Abraham, Claude. From Pierre Corneille. Twayne, 1972. Copyright (c) 1972 by Twayne Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted with the permission of Twayne Publishers, Inc., an imprint of Macmillan Publishing Company.

--Adams, M. Ian. From Three Authors of Alienation: Bombal, Onetti, Carpentier. University of Texas Press, 1975. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.

--Adams, Maurianne. From "`Jane Eyre: Woman's Estate" in The Authority of Experience: Essays in Feminist Criticism. Edited by Arlyn Diamond and Lee R. Edwards. University of Massachusetts Press, 1977. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Adams, Richard. From "Some Ingredients of `Watership Down'" in The Thorny Paradise: Writers on Writing for Children. Edited by Edward Blishen. Kestrel Books, 1975. (c) 1975 by Richard Adams. All rights reserved.

--Adams, Robert M. From Strains of Discord: Studies in Literary Openness. Cornell University Press, 1958. Copyright (c) 1958, renewed 1986 by Cornell University. Used by permission of the publisher, Cornell University Press.

Aichinger, Peter. From Earle Birney and His Works. ECW Press, 1984. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Ahmad, Aijaz. From an introduction to Ghazals of Ghalib: Versions from the Urdu. By Aijaz Ahmad and others, edited by Aijaz Ahmad. Columbia University Press, 1971. Copyright (c) 1971 Columbia University Press, New York. Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.

--Aiken, Conrad. From "John Galsworthy" in Collected Criticism. Oxford University Press, 1968. Copyright (c) 1958 by Conrad Aiken. Copyright renewed (c) 1986 by Mary Aiken. Reprinted by permission of Brandt & Brandt Literary Agents, Inc.

--Aiken, Conrad. From "Virginia Woolf" in Collected Criticism. Oxford University Press, 1968. Copyright (c) 1927, 1929, renewed 1955, 1957 by Conrad Aiken. Reprinted by permission of Brandt & Brandt Literary Agents, Inc.

--Aiken, Conrad. From "William Faulkner" in Collected Criticism. Oxford University Press, 1968. Copyright (c) 1927, 1929, renewed 1955, 1957 by Conrad Aiken. Reprinted by permission of Brandt & Brandt Literary Agents, Inc.

--Aiken, Joan. From an introduction to The Unbearable Bassington. By Saki. The Folio Society Limited, 1978. Introduction (c) The Folio Society Limited 1978. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Aitken, Robert. From A Zen Wave: Basho's Haiku and Zen. Weatherhill, 1978. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Alazraki, Jaime. From Jorge Luis Borges. Essays on Modern Writers No. 57. Columbia University Press, 1971. Copyright (c) 1971 Columbia University Press. Used by permission of the publisher.

--Alexander, Michael. From The Poetic Achievement of Ezra Pound. University of California Press, 1979. (c) Michael Alexander 1979. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Allen, Mary. From Animals in American Literature. University of Illinois Press, 1983. (c) 1983 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Allen, Michael S. From We Are Called Human: The Poetry of Richard Hugo. University of Arkansas Press, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982 by Board of Trustees of the University of Arkansas. The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Allen, Paula Gunn. From an introduction to Daughter, I Love You: Poetry. By Linda Hogan. Research Center on Women, 1981. Copyright 1981 by The Research Center on Women and Linda Hogan. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Allen, Walter. From The English Novel: A Short Critical History. E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc. 1954. Copyright 1954, renewed 1982, Walter Allen. Reprinted by permission of David Higham Associates.

-- Alluntis, Felix. From "Miguel Unamuno: The Tragic Sense of Life" in Twentieth Century Thinkers: Studies in the Work of Seventeen Modern Philosophers. Edited by John K. Ryan. Alba House, 1965. Copyright 1965 by the Pauline Fathers and Brothers. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Alter, Robert and Carol Cosman. From A Lion for Love: A Critical Biography of Stendhal. Basic Books, 1979. Copyright (c) 1979 by Robert Alter. Reprinted by permission of Robert Alter.

--Altieri, Charles. From Enlarging the Temple: New Directions in American Poetry during the 1960's. Bucknell University Press, 1979. (c) 1979 by Associated University Presses, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

-- Amacher, Richard E. From "Benjamin Franklin" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 24: American Colonial Writers: 16061734. Edited by Emory Elliott. Gale Research Company, 1984. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Anaya, Rudolfo A. From an introduction to The Last of the Menu Girls. By Denise Chavez. Arte Publico Press, 1986. Copyright (c) 1987 by Denise Chavez. All rights reserved.

--Anderson, Chris. From Style as Argument: Contemporary American Nonfiction. Southern Illinois University Press, 1987. Copyright (c) 1987 by the Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois University. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Andreew, Germann. From "Pushkin: Bard of Harmony," translated by Albert Leong in Oregon Studies in Chinese and Russian Culture. Edited by Albert Leong. Peter Lang, 1990. Copyright (c) 1990 by Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Andresen, Kristen Wisloff. From "Woman's" Place in Sigrid Undset. Edited by Carl Henrik Grondahl. DYADE, 1983. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Andrews, Elmer. From The Poetry of Seamus Heaney: All rights reserved. the Realms of Whisper. The Macmillan Press, Ltd., 1988, St. Martins' Press, 1988. (c) Elmer Andrews 1988. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of St. Martin's Press, Inc. In Canada by Macmillan Press Ltd.

--Arnold, Armin. From Friedrich Arnold. Translated and revised by Armin Arnold and Sheila Johnson. Ungar, 1972. Copyright (c) 1972 by Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Arrowsmith, William. From an introduction to The Birds. By Aristophanes, translated by William Arrowsmith. University of Michigan Press, 1961. Copyright 1961, renewed 1989 by William Arrowsmith. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Arvin, Newton. From Longfellow: His Life and Work. Atlantic Little, Brown, 1963. (c) 1962, 1963 by Newton Arvin. Reprinted by permission of Little, Brown and Company in association with The Atlantic Monthly Press.

--Asimov, Isaac. From "Foreword: The Loveable Criminality of P.G. Wodehouse" in Wodehouse on Crime. By P.G. Wodehouse, edited by D.R. Bensen. Ticknor & Fields, 1981. Foreword copyright (c) 1981 by Isaac Asimov. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of Isaac Asimov.

--Atack, Margaret. From "Toward a Narrative Analysis of `A Man and Two Women'" in Notebooks/Memoirs/Archives: Reading and Rereading Doris Lessing. Edited by Jenny Taylor. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982. (c) Margaret Atack 1982. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Athanason, Arthur Nicholas. From "Agatha Christie (1890 1976)" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 13: British Dramatists since World War II, Part 1: AL. Edited by Stanley Weintraub. Gale Research, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Attebery, Brian. From "Ursula K. LeGuin" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 8: Twentieth Century American Science Fiction Writers. Edited by David Cowart and Thomas L. Wymer. Gale Research Inc., 1981. Copyright (c) 1981 by Gale Research Inc. All rights reserved. rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

-- Atwood, Margaret. From Second Words: Selected Critical Prose. Anansi, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982, O. W. Toad Limited. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

-- Auburn, Mark S. From Sheridan's Comedies: Their Contexts and Achievements. University of Nebraska, 1977. (c) 1977 by the University of Nebraska. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Auden, W.H. From an introduction to George Herbert. Edited by W.H. Auden. Penguin Books, 1973. Copyright (c) 1973 in countries of the International Copyright Union by W.H. Auden. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.

--Auden, W. H. From a forward to Joseph Brodsky: Selected Poems. Translated by George L. Kline. Harper & Row. Harper & Row, Publishers, 1973. Forward copyright (c) 1973 by W. H. Auden. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Curtis Brown Ltd. for the Literary Estate of W. H. Auden.

--Auerbach, Nina. From "`This Changeful Life': Emily Bronte's AntiRomance" in Shakespeare's Sisters: Feminist Essays on Women Poets. Edited by Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar. Indiana University Press, 1979. Copyright (c) 1979 by Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Avins, Carol. From Border Crossing: The West and Russian Identity in Soviet Literature, 19171934. University of California Press, 1983. Copyright (c) 1983 by The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission of the author.

-- Axelrod, Steven Gould. From Robert Lowell: Life and Art. Princeton University Press, 1978. Copyright (c) 1978 by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Backscheider, Paula R. From "Henry Fielding" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 84: Restoration and Eighteenth Century Dramatists. Second Series. Edited by Paula R. Backscheider. Gale Research, 1989. Copyright (c) 1989 Gale Research Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bailin, George. From "A Shining in the Dark: May Sarton's Accomplishment" in May Sarton: Woman and Poet. Edited by Constance Hunting. National Poetry Foundation, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982 by The National Poetry Foundation. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bak, Hans. From "Toward a Native American `Realism': The Amphibious Fiction of Louise Erdrich" in NeoRealism in Contemporary American Fiction. Edited by Kristiaan Versluys. Rodopi, 1992. (c) Editions Rodopi B.V., AmsterdamAtlanta, GA 1992. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Baker, Houston A., Jr. From A Many Colored Coat of Dreams: The Poetry of Countee Cullen. Broadside Press, 1974. Copyright (c) 1974 by Houston A. Baker, Jr. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

-- Baker, Houston A. Baker, Jr. From The Journey Back: Issues in Black Literature and Criticism. University of Chicago Press, 1980. (c) 1980 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.

--Baker, Rilda L. From "`Of How to Be and What to See While You Are Being': The Reader's Performance in `The Time of the Hero'" in Mario Vargas Llosa: A Collection of Critical Essays. Edited by Charles Rossman and Alan Warren Friedman. University of Texas Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Baker, Stuart E. From Georges Feydeau and the Aesthetics of Farce. UMI Research Press, 1981. Copyright (c) 1981, 1976 Stuart E. Baker. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

-- Bakerman Jane S. From "Daphne de Maurier" in And Then There Were Nine...More Women of Mystery. Edited by Jane S. Bakerman. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1985. Copyright (c) 1985 by Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Balzac, Honore de. From "Stendhal"in Novelists on Novelists: An Anthology. Edited by Louis Kronenberger. Doubleday & Company, 1962. Copyright (c) 1962 by Louis Kronenberger. Renewed 1990 by Mrs. Louis Kronenberger. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of Louis Kronenberger.

-- Bambara, Toni Cade and Claudia Tate. From an interview in Black Women Writers at Work. Edited by Claudia Tate. Continuum, 1983. Copyright (c) 1983 by Claudia Tate. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Barber, C. L. From Shakespeare's Festive Comedy: A Study of Dramatic Form and Its Relation to Social Custom. Princeton University Press, 1959. Copyright (c) 1959 by Princeton University Press. Renewed 1987 by C. Leo Barber. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Barfield, Owen. From Owen Barfield on C.S. Lewis. Edited by G.B. Tennyson. Wesleyan University Press, 1989. Copyright (c) 1989 by Owen Barfield. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Barker, Christine R. And R.W. Last. From Erich Maria Remarque. Wolff, 1979. (c) 1979 Oswald Wolff (Publishers) Ltd. Reprinted by permission of Berg Publishers Ltd.

--Barnum, Carol M. From The Fiction of John Fowles: A Myth for Our Time. The Penkevill Publishing Company, 1988. Copyright (c) 1988 Carol M. Barnum. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Barrie, J.M. From The Plays of J.M. Barrie. Charles Scribner's, 1928. Copyright, 1914, 1928, by Charles Scribner's Sons. Renewed 1956 by Lady Cynthia Asquith, Peter Llewelyn Davies and Barclay's Bank ,Ltd. Reprinted with the permission of Charles Scribner's Sons, an imprint of Macmillan Publishing Company.

--Bart, Benjamin F. From Flaubert. Syracuse University Press, 1967. Copyright (c) 1967 by Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Barthes, Roland. From On Racine. Translated by Richard Howard. Hill and Wang, 1964. English translation copyright (c) 1964, renewed 1992 by Hill and Wang, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc.

--Bataille, Gretchen M. From "Black Elk New World Prophet" in A Sender of Words: Essays in Memory of John G. Neihardt. Edited by Vine Deloria, Jr. Howe Brothers, 1984. Copyright (c) 1984 by John G. Neihardt Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bates, H.E. For a preface to The Modern Short Story: A Critical Survey. The Writer, Inc., 1972. (c) 1972 by Evensford Productions Ltd. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Battestin, Martin C. From The Moral Basis of Fielding's Art: A Study of "Joseph Andrews." Wesleyan University Press, 1959. Copyright (c) 1959 by Wesleyan University. Renewed 1987 by Martin C. Battestin. Reprinted by permission of University Press of New England.

--Battiscombe, Georgina. From Christina Rossetti: A Divided Life. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981. Copyright (c) 1981 by Georgina Battiscombe. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Brandt & Brandt Literary Agents, Inc.

--Baudelaire, Charles. From Baudelaire as a Literary Critic. Translated by Lois Boe Hyslop and Francis E. Hyslop, Jr. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1964. Copyright (c) 1964, The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA.

--Bauland, Peter. From an introduction to Before Daybreak. By Gerhart Hauptmann. Translated by Peter Bauland. University of North Carolina Press, 1978. (c) University of North Carolina Studies in the Germanic Languages and Literatures 1978. Used by permission of the publisher.

--Bausani, Alessandro. From "Ghalib's Persian Poetry" in Ghalib the Poet and His Age. Edited by Ralph Russell. George Allen & Unwin, 1972. (c) George Allen & Unwin, 1972. All rights reserved.

--Beach, Joseph Warren. From American Fiction: 1920-1940. The Macmillan Company, 1941. Copyright, 1941, renewed 1968, by Macmillan Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of Joseph Warren Beach.

--Beach, Joseph Warren. From The Twentieth Century Novel: Studies in Technique. Appleton Century Crofts, Inc., 1932. (c) 1932, renewed 1960. Excerpted by permission of Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ Beal, Merrill D. From "I Will Fight No More Forever": Chief Joseph and the Nez Pearce War. University of Washington Press, 1963. Copyright (c) 1963, renewed 1991 by the University of Washington Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Beaty, Frederick L. From Byron the Satirist. Northern Illinois University Press, 1985. Copyright (c) 1985 by Northern Illinois University Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission of Northern Illinois University Press, DeKalb, IL.

--Beauchamp, Gorman. From "Jack London" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 8: Twentieth Century American Science Fiction Writers Edited by David Cowart and Thomas L. Wymer. Gale Research, 1981. Copyright (c) 1981 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Beaurline, L.A. From Jonson and Elizabethan Comedy: Essays in Dramatic Rhetoric. The Huntington Library, 1978. Copyright (c) 1978 Henry H. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Becker, George J. From John Dos Passos. Ungar, 1974. Copyright (c) 1974 by The Ungar Publishing Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Beharriell, S. Ross. From "Writers of Fiction 18801920" in Literary History of Canada: Canadian Literature in English, Vol. I. Second edition. Edited by Carl F. Klinck. University of Toronto Press, 1976. (c) University of Toronto Press 1976. Reprinted by permission of University of Toronto Press Incorporated.

--Behrman, S. N. From The Suspended Drawing Room. Stein and Day Publishers, 1965. Copyright 1946, 1965 by S. N. Behrman. Renewed 1993 by Eliza Behrman. All rights reserved. Bell, Andrea G. From "Samuel Beckett" in Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook: 1990. Edited by James W. Hipp. Gale Research, 1991. Copyright (c) 1991 Gale Research Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bell, Bernard W. From "African American Writers" in American Literature, 1764-1789: The Revolutionary Years. Edited by Everett Emerson. The University of Wisconsin Press, 1977. Copyright (c) 1977 by The Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.

--Bell, Bernard W. From The Afro American Novel and Its Tradition. The University of Massachusetts Press, 1987. Copyright (c) 1987 by The University of Massachusetts Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Benstock, Bernard. From Sean O'Casey. Bucknell University Press, 1971. (c) 1970 by Associated Presses, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bergonzi, Bernard. From Heroes' Twilight: A Study of the Literature of the Great War. Constable and Company Ltd., 1965. (c) 1965 by Bernard Bergonzi. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Peters, Fraser & Dunlop Group Ltd.

--Bergonzi, Bernard. From The Situation of the Novel. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1971. (c) 1970 by Bernard Bergonzi. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Berman, Russell A. From The Rise of the Modern German Novel: Crisis and Charisma. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986. Copyright (c) 1986 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Excerpted by permission of the publishers and the author.

--Bernstein, Samuel J. From The Strands Entwined. Northeastern University Press, 1980. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Berrian, Brenda F. From "Through Her Prism of Social and Political Contexts: Sembene's Female Characters in `Tribal Scars'" in Ngambika: Studies of Women in African Literature. Edited by Carol Boyce Davies and Anne Adams Graves. Africa World Press, Inc., 1986. Copyright (c) Africa World Press, 1986. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Berrigan, Ted. From "Jack Kerouac" in Writers At Work. Fourth series. Edited by George A. Plimpton. Viking Penguin, 1976. Copyright (c) 1974, 1976 by The Paris Review. Used by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc.

--Berry, Wendell. From "Style and Grace" in Norman Maclean. Edited by Ron McFarland and Hugh Nichols. Confluence Press, 1988. Copyright (c) 1988 by Confluence Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Berryman, John. From The Freedom of the Poet. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1976. Copyright (c) 1940, 1968, 1976 by Kate Berryman. Used by arrangement with Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc.

-- Berryman, John. From Stephen Crane: A Critical: Biography. William Sloane, 1950. Copyright 1950, renewed 1977 by Kate Berryman. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of John Berryman.

--Besner, Neil. From "Henry Kreisel" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 88: Canadian Writers, 19201959. Second Series. Edited by W.H. New. Gale Research, 1989. Copyright (c) 1989 Gale Research Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Betsko, Kathleen and Rachel Koenig. From an interview in Interviews with Contemporary Women Playwrights. Beech Tree Books, 1987. Copyright (c) 1987 by Kathleen Betsko and Rachel Koenig. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Beech Tree Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc.

--Bevington, David. From an introduction to TwentiethCentury Interpretations of Hamlet: A Collection of Critical Essays. Edited by David Bevington. PrenticeHall, 1968. Copyright (c) 1968 by PrenticeHall, Inc. All rights reserved. Used by permission of PrenticeHall/A Division of Simon & Schuster, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

-- Bhatia, Santosh K. From Arthur Miller: Social Drama as Tragedy. Arnold Heinemann, 1985. (c) Santosh K. Bhatia, 1985.

--Bigsby, C.W.E. From Confrontation and Commitment: A Study of Contemporary American Drama, 195966. University of Missouri Press, 1968. (c) 9167 and 1968 by C.W.E. Bigsby. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Bigsby, C.W.E. From The Second Black Renaissance: Essays in Black Literature. Greenwood Press, Birnbaum, Milton. From Aldous Huxley's Quest for Values. University of Tennessee Press, 1971. Copyright (c) 1971 by The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bishop, Michael. From The Contemporary Poetry of France: Eight Studies. Rodopi, 1985. (c) Editions Rodopi B. V., Amsterdam 1985. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Blackburn, William. From "Madeleine L'Engle's `A Wrinkle in Time': Seeking the Original Face" in Touchstones: Reflections on the Best in Children's Literature. Vol. I. Edited by Perry Nodelman. Children's Literature Association, 1985. (c) 1985 ChLA Publishers. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Blair, Walter. From Horse Sense in American Humor from Benjamin Franklin to Ogden Nash. University of Chicago Press, 1942. Copyright 1942 by The University of Chicago. Renewed 1969 by Walter Blair. All rights reserved.

--Blake, William. From a letter to Thomas Butts on January 10, 1802 in The Letters of William Blake. Edited by Geoffrey Keynes. The Macmillan Company, 1956.

--Blansfield, Karen Charmaine. From Cheap Rooms and Restless Hearts: A Study of Formula in the Urban Tales of William Sydney Porter. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1988. Copyright (c) 1988 by Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Blaser, Robin. From The Collected Books of Jack Spicer. Edited by Robin Blaser. Black Sparrow Press, 1975. Reprinted by permission of the publisher

Bleikasten, Andre. From "The Heresy of Flannery O'Connor" in Les Americanistes: New French Criticism on Modern American Fiction. Edited by Ira D. Johnson and Christiane Johnson. Kennikat Press, 1978. Copyright (c) 1978 by Kennikat Press Corp. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Beilker, E.F. From an introduction to The Best Supernatural Tales of Arthur Conan Doyle. By Arthur Conan Doyle, edited by E.F. Bleiler. Dover Publications, Inc., 1979. Copyright (c) 1979 by E.F. Bleiler. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Bloomingdale, Judith. From "Alice as Anima: The Image of Woman in Carroll's Classic" in Aspects of Alice: Lewis Carroll's Dreamchild as Seen through the Critic's Looking Glasses, 18651971. Edited by Robert Phillips. Vanguard, 1971. Copyright 1971 by the Vanguard Press, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher, Vanguard Press, Inc.

--Boff, Leonardo. From Jesus Christ Liberator: A Critical Christology for Our Time. Translated by Patrick Hughes. Orbis Books, 1978, SPCK, 1979. Translation copyright (c) 1978 by Orbis Books. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Orbis Books.

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--Booth, Wayne C. Introduction in Thais. By Anatole France. Translated by Basia Gulati. University of Chicago Press, 1976. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.

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--Bosmajian, Hamida. From Metaphors of Evil: Contemporary German Literature and the Shadow of Nazism. University of Iowa Press, 1979. Copyright 1979 by University of Iowa Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bourne, Peter G. From Fidel: a Biography of Fidel Castro. Dodd, Mead & Company, 1986. Copyright (c) 1986 by Peter G. Bourne. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Bouson, J. Brooks. From The Empathic Reader: A Study of the Narcissistic Character and the Drama of the Self. The University of Massachusetts Press, 1989. Copyright (c) 1989 by The University of Massachusetts Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

-- Bousono, Carlos. From "The Irrationalist Techniques of Vicente Aleixandre" in Vicente Aleixandre: A Critical Appraisal. Edited by Santiago DaydiTolson. Bilingual Press/Editorial Bilingue, 1981. (c) 1981 by Bilingual Press/Editorial Bilingue. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission.

--Bowen, Elizabeth. From "Jane Austen" in The English Novelists: A Survey of the Novel by Twenty Contemporary Novelists. Edited by Derek Verschoyle. Harcourt, Brace, 1936. Copyright, 1936, by Harcourt, Brace and Company. Renewed 1963 by Derek Verschoyle. Reprinted by permission of Curtis Brown Ltd., London.

--Bowen, Elizabeth. From "Katherine Mansfield" in Seven Winters: Memories of A Dublin Childhood and Afterthoughts. Alfred A. Knopf, 1962. Copyright (c) 1956, 1962 by Elizabeth Bowen. Renewed 1990 by Curtis Brown. Reprinted by permission of Curtis Brown Limited, London, as Literary Executors of Elizabeth Bowen.

--Bowers, John M. From The Crisis of Will in `Piers Plowman'. Catholic University of America Press, 1986. Copyright (c) 1986 The Catholic University of America Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Boyer, James. From Thomas Wolfe: A Harvard Perspective. Edited by Richard S. Kennedy. Croissant, 1983. Copyright (c) 1983 by Croissant & Company. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Boyers, Robert. From Modern American Poetry: Essays in Criticism. Edited by Jerome Mazzaro. McKay, 1970. Copyright (c) 1970 by the David McKay Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Bradbury, Ray. From "Tarzan, John Carter, Mr. Burroughs, and the Long Mad Summer of 1930" in Edgar Rice Burroughs: The Man Who Created Tarzan. By Irwin Porges. Brigham Young University Press, 1975. (c) 1975 by Irwin Porges and Brigham Young University Press.

--Bradbury, Malcolm. From an interview in Science Fiction Voices #2. The Borgo Press, 1979. Copyright (c) 1979 by Jeffrey Elliot. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bradford, Gamaliel. From Daughters of Eve. Houghton Mifflin, 1930. Copyright 1930 by Gamaliel Bradford. Copyright (c) 1930, renewed 1958 by Sarah Bradford Ross. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company.

--Brady, Frank. From James Boswell: The Later Years, 17691795. McGrawHill, 1984. Copyright (c) 1984 by Frank Brady. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of Frank Brady.

--Branden, Nathaniel. From Who Is Ayn Rand? An Analysis of the Novels of Ayn Rand. Random House, 1962. Copyright (c) 1962, renewed 1990 by Nathaniel Branden. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

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--Brater, Enoch. From "Parody, Travesty, and Politics in the Plays of Tom Stoppard" in Essays on Contemporary British Drama. Edited by Hedwig Bock and Albert Wertheim. Hueber, 1981. (c) 1981 Max Hueber Verlag Munchen. Reprinted by permission of Albert Wertheim.

-- Bree, Germaine. From "Senghor's Africanism and the Francophone Mode" in The Cry of Home: Cultural Nationalism and the Modern Writer. Edited by H. Ernest Lewald. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 1972. Copyright (c) 1972 by the University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bree, Germaine and Guiton, Margaret. From An Age of Fiction: The French Novel from Gide to Camus. Rutgers University Press, 1957. Copyright (c) Rutgers University Press, 1957. Renewed 1985 by Germaine Bree and Margaret Otis Guiton. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Rutgers State University.

--Brennan, Elizabeth M. From an introduction to The White Devil. By John Webster, edited by Elizabeth M. Brennan. Ernest Benn Limited, 1966. (c) Ernest Benn Limited 1966. Reprinted by permission of A. & C. Black (Publishers) Ltd.

--Brissenden, R.F. From "David Garrick, Poet of the Theatre: A Critical Survey" in Studies in the Eighteenth Century, Vol. 2. Edited by R.F. Brissenden. Australian National University Press, 1973. (c) 1973 R.F. Brissenden and John Hainsworth.

--Brittan , Gordon G., Jr. From "Common Texts" in Norman Maclean. Edited by Ron McFarland and Hugh Nichols. Confluence Press, Inc., 1988. Copyright (c) 1985 by Bordon Brittan, Jr. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Bronson, Bertrand Harris. From Facets of the Enlightenment: Studies in English Literature and Its Contexts. University of California Press, 1968. Copyright (c) 1968, by The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by the permission of the author.

--Bronz, Stephen H. From Roots of Negro Racial Consciousness, the 1920's: Three Harlem Renaissance Authors. Libra Publishers, Inc., 1964. (c) 1964 by Stephen H. Bronz. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Brooks, Cleanth. From "Andrew Marvell: Puritan Austerity with Classical Grace" in Poetic Traditions of the English Renaissance. Edited by Maynard Mack and George deforest Lord. Yale University Press, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982 by Yale University. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Brooks, Peter. From "`Godlike Science/Unhallowed Arts': Language, Nature, and Monstrosity" in The Endurance of Frankenstein: Essays on Mary Shelley's Novel. Edited by George Levine and U. C. Knoepflmacher. University of California, 1979. Copyright (c) 1979 by The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Brooks, Van Wyck. From The Confident Years: 18851915. Dutton, 1952. Copyright, 1952, by Van Wyck Brooks. Copyright renewed 1980 by Gladys Brooks. All rights reserved. Brotherston, Gordon. From The Emergence of the Latin American Novel. Cambridge University Press, 1977. (c) Cambridge University Press 1977. Reprinted by permission of the author.

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--Brown, Frieda S. From Religious and Political Conservatism in the "Essais" of Montaigne. Librairie Droz, 1963. Copyright 1963 by Librairie Droz S.A., 8 rue Verdaine, Geneve. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Brown, Peter. From Augustine of Hippo: A Biography. University of California Press, 1967. Copyright (c) 1967 by Peter Brown 1967. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Brown, William Wells. From William Wells Brown: Author and Reformer. University of Chicago 1969. (c) 1969 University of Chicago. Reprinted by permission of The University of Chicago Press.

--BruceNovoa, Juan. From Chicano Poetry: A Response to Chaos. University of Texas Press, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982 by the University of Texas Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.

--Bruck, Peter. From "Langston Hughes: `The Blues I'm Playing' (1934)" in The Black American Short Story in the 20th Century: A Collection of Critical Essays. Edited by Peter Bruck. B.R. Gruner Publishing Co., 1977. (c) by B.R. Gruner Publishing Co. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Bryer, Jackson R. From "`Hell Is Other People': `Long Day's Journey into Night'" in The Fifties: Fiction, Poetry, Drama. Edited by Warren French. Everett/Edwards, Inc., 1970. Copyright (c) 1970 by Warren French. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

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--Buckler, William E. From The Victorian Imagination: Essays in Aesthetic Exploration. New York University Press, 1980. Copyright (c) 1980 by New York University. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Bucknall, Barbara J. From Ursula K. LeGuin. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1981. Copyright (c) 1981 The Ungar Publishing Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

-- Bullitt, John M. From Jonathan Swift and the Anatomy of Satire: A Study of Satiric Technique. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953. Copyright 1965 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Renewed 1981 by John M. Bullitt. Excerpted by permission of the publishers and the author.

--Burke, Kenneth. From Thurber Perfects Mind Cure: " Let Your Mind Alone!" and Other More or Less inspirational Pieces. Liveright, 1972. Copyright 1937 by Editorial Publications, Inc.

--Burkholder, Robert E. From "William S. Burroughs" in Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook: 1981. Karen L. Rood, Jean W. Ross, Richard Ziegfield, eds. Gale Research, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Byron, Lord. From a letter in "The Flesh is Frail": Byron's Letters and Journals, 18181819, Vol. 6. Edited by Leslie A. Marchand. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1976. (c) Byron copyright material, John Murray 1976. All rights reserved. Excerpted by permission of the Harvard University Press. In Canada by John Murray Publishers Ltd.

--Byron, William. From Cervantes: A Biography. Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1978. Copyright (c) 1978 by William Byron. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Tessa Sayle Agency.

--Cabell, James Branch. From Some of Us: An Essay in Epitaphs. Robert M. McBride & Company, 1930. Copyright, 1930, renewed 1958, by James Branch Cabell. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of James Branch Cabell.

--Cairncross, John. From an introduction to The Cid, Cinna, The Theatrical Illusion. By Pierre Corneille, translated by John Cairncross. Penguin Books, 1975. Copyright (c) John Cairncross, 1975.

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--Canby, Henry Seidel. From Classic Americans: A Study of Eminent American Writers from Irving to Whitman, with an Introductory Survey of the Colonial Background of Our National Literature. Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1931. Copyright 1931, renewed 1958 by Henry Seidel Canby.

--Carens, James F. From The Satiric Art of Evelyn Waugh. University of Washington Press, 1966. Copyright (c) 1966 by the University of Washington Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Carpenter, Lynette. From "Domestic Comedy, Black Comedy, and Real Life: Shirley Jackson, a Woman Writer" in Faith of a (Woman) Writer. Contributions in Women's Studies, No. 86. Edited by Alice KesslerHarris and William McBrien. Greenwood Press, 1988. Copyright (c) 1988 by Hofstra University. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.

--Carroll, David. From The Subject in Question: The Language of Theory and the Strategies of Fiction. University of Chicago Press, 1982. Reprinted by permission of The University of Chicago Press and the author.

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--Casper, Leonard. From an introduction in Scent of Apples: A Collection of Stories. By Bienvenido N. Santos. University of Washington Press, 1979. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Cassidy, John. From "The Plays of Dannie Abse: Responsibilities" in The Poetry of Dannie Abse: Critical Essays and Reminiscences. Edited by Joseph Cohen. Robson, 1983. Copyright (c) 1983 Robson Books. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Chesler, S. Alan. From "Tennessee Williams: Reassessment and Assessment" in Tennessee Williams: A Tribute. Edited by Jac Tharoe. University Press of Mississippi, 1977. Copyright (c) 1977 by the University Press of Mississippi. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Chilcott, Tim. From `A Real World & Doubting Mind': A Critical Study of the Poetry of John Clare. Hull University Press, 1985. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Childress, Alice. From an interview in Interviews with Contemporary Women Playwrights. Edited by Kathleen Betsko and Rachel Koenig. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Beech Tree Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc.

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--Clader, Robert L. From "George Orwell" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 98: Modern British Essayists. First series. Edited by Robert Beum. Gale Research, 1990. Copyright (c) 1990 Gale Research Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Clareson, Thomas D. From "The Cosmic Loneliness of Arthur C. Clarke" in Voices for the Future: Essays on Major Science Fiction Writers, Vol. I. Edited by Thomas D. Clareson. Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1976. Copyright (c) 1976 by The Popular Press. Reprinted by permission.

--Clark, Norris B. From "Gwendolyn Brooks and a Black Aesthetic" in A Life Distilled: Gwendolyn Brooks, Her Poetry and Fiction. Edited by Maria K. Mootry and Gary Smith. University of Illinois Press, 1987. (c) 1987 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.

--Clarke, John. From "John Betjeman" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 20: British Poets, 19141945. Edited by Donald E. Stanford. Gale Research, 1983. Copyright (c) 1983 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Clausen, Christopher. From The Moral Imagination: Essays on Literature and Ethics. University of Iowa Press, 1986. Copyright (c) 1986 by the University of Iowa. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Clayton, Thomas. From "At Bottom a Criticism of Life: Suckling and the Poetry of Low Seriousness" in Classic and Cavalier: Essays on Johnson and the Sons of Ben. Edited by Claude Summers and Ted Larry Pebworth. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982, University of Pittsburgh Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Clerc, Charles. From an introduction to Approaches to "Gravity's Rainbow." Edited by Charles Clerc. Ohio State University Press, 1983. (c) 1983 by the Ohio State University Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission of the author.

--Coale, Samuel Chase. From In Hawthorne's Shadow: American Romance from Melville to Mailer. University Press of Kentucky, 1985. Copyright (c) 1985 by The University Press of Kentucky. Reprinted by permission of the publishers.

--Cohen, Joseph. From an interview in The Poetry of Dannie Abse: Critical Essays and Reminiscences. Edited by Joseph Cohen. Robson, 1983. Copyright (c) 1983 Robson Books. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Commager, Henry Steele. From The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character since the 1880's. Yale University Press, 1950. Copyright, 1950, by Yale University Press. Renewed 1978 by Henry Steele Commager. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Conacher, D. J. From Euripidean Drama: Myth, Theme and Structure. University of Toronto Press, 1967. (c) University of Toronto Press, 1967. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Conrad, Joseph. From The Collected Letters of Joseph Conrad, Vol. I: 18671897. Edited by Frederick R. Carl and Laurence Davies. Cambridge, 1983. Copyright (c) 1983 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Conrad, Joseph. From a letter in Marcel Proust: An English Tribute. Edited by C. K. Moncrieff. Thomas Seltzer, 1923.

--Conrad, Joseph. From Notes on Life and Letters. Dent, 1921. Copyright 1921 by J. M. Dent & Sons. Renewed 1948 by John Alexander Conrad. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Conover, Roger L. Introduction to The Last Lunar Baedeker. By Mina Loy. Edited by Roger L. Conover. Jargon, 1982. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Cooke, John. From The Novels of Nadine Gordimer: Private Lives/Public Landscapes. Louisiana State University Press, 1985. Copyright (c) 1985 by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Corrin, Jay P. From G. K. Chesterton & Hilaire Belloc: The Battle Against Modernity. Ohio University Press, 1981. Reprinted by permission of the author.

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--Costello, Peter. From The Heart Grown Brutal: The Irish Revolution in Literature, from Parnell to the Death of Yeats, 18911939. Gill and Macmillan, 1977. (c) Peter Costello 1977. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Cowasjee, Saros. From Subjects Worthy Fame: Essays on Commonwealth Literature in Honour of H.H. Anniah Gowda. Edited by A.L. McLeod. Sterling Publishers Private Limited, 1989.

--Cowley, Malcolm. From Exile's Return: A Literary Odyssey of the 1920's. The Viking Press, 1951. Copyright (c) 1951, 1969 by Malcolm Cowley. All rights reserved.

--Cowley, Malcolm. From Think Back on Us: A Contemporary Chronicle of the 1930's. Edited by Henry Dam Piper. Southern Illinois University Press, 1967. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Cox, J. Randolph. From "John Buchan" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 70: British Mystery Writers, 18601919. Edited by Bernard Benstock and Thomas F. Staley. Gale Research Company, 1988. Copyright (c) 1988 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Crabbe, Katharyn F. From J. R. R. Tolkien. Ungar, 1981. Copyright (c) 1981 by The Ungar Publishing Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Crabbe, Katharyn W. From Evelyn Waugh. Continuum, 1988. Copyright (c) 1988 Katharyn W. Crabbe. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Craig, Gordon A. From a foreword in Plays: `Intrigue and Love' and `Don Carlos'. By Frederich Schiller, edited by Walter Hinderer. Continuum, 1983. Foreword (c) 1983 by Gordon A. Craig. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Crane, John Kenny. From The Root of Evil: The Thematic Unity of William Styron's Fiction. University of South Carolina Press, 1984. Copyright (c) University of South Carolina 1984. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Crawford, Thomas. From Scott. Revised edition. Scottish Academic Press, 1982. (c) 1982 Text and Bibliography Thomas Crawford. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Creel, H. G. From Confucius: The Man and the Myth. The John Day Company, 1949. Copyright, 1949, renewed 1976, by Herrlee Glessner Creel. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of H. G. Creel.

--Creeley, Robert. From "Introduction to `Whitman Selected'" in Collected Essays of Robert Creeley. University of California Press, 1989. Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Crossley, Robert. From H. G. Wells. Starmont House, Inc., 1986. Copyright (c) 1986 by Starmont House, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of The Borgo Press.

--Cunningham, Gail. From "Patchwork and Patterns: The Condition of England in Margaret Drabble's Later Novels" in The British and Irish Novel Since 1960. Edited by James Acheson. Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd., 1991. (c) Gail Cunningham 1991. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Macmillan Ltd.

--Curb, Rosemary K. From "PreFeminism in the Black Revolutionary Drama of Sonia Sanchez" in The Many Forms of Drama, Vol. V. Edited by Karelisa V. Hartigan. University Press of America, 1987. Copyright (c) 1987 by University Press of America, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the editor.

--Curry, Ralph. From "Stephen Leacock and His Works" in Canadian Writers and Their Works, Vol. 3. Robert Lecker, Jack David, Ellen Quigley, eds. ECW Press, 1988. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Curtius, E. R. From Essays on European Literature. Translated by Michael Kowal. Princeton University Press, 1973. Copyright (c) 1973 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Dahlie, Hallvard. From "Alice Munro" in Canadian Writers and Their Works, Vol. 7. Robert Lecker, Jack David, Ellen Quigley, eds. ECW Press, 1985. Copyright (c) ECW Press, 1985. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Daly, Robert. From God's Altar: The World and the Flesh in Puritan Poetry. University of California Press, 1978. Copyright (c) 1978 by The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Damrosch, Leopold, Jr. From Symbol and Truth in Blake's Myth. Princeton University Press, 1980. Copyright (c) 1980 by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Darling, Michael. From "E. J. Pratt" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 92: Canadian Writers, 18901920. Edited by W. H. New. Gale Research, 1990. Copyright (c) 1990 Gale Research Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Dathorne, O.R. From The Black Mind: A History of African Literature. University of Minnesota Press, 1974. (c) Copyright 1974 by the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Dauster, Frank. From The Double Strand: Five Contemporary Mexican Poets. The University of Kentucky, 1987. Copyright (c) 1987 by The University Press of Kentucky. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Davey, Frank. From "Raymond Souster" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 88: Canadian Writers, 19201959. Second series. Edited by W. H. New. Gale Research, 1989. Copyright (c) 1989 Gale Research Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Davis, Charles T. From "Robert Hayden's Use of History" in Modern Black Poets. Edited by D. Gibson. PrenticeHall, 1973. Copyright (c) 1973 by PrenticeHall, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of Charles T. Davis.

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--Davis, Thadious M. From "Alice Walker's Celebration of Self in Southern Generations" in Women Writers of the Contemporary South. Edited by Peggy Whitman Penshaw. University Press of Mississippi, 1984. Copyright (c) 1984 by The Southern Quarterly. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Deming, Robert H. From Ceremony and Art: Robert Herrick's Poetry. Mouton, 1974. (c) copyright 1974 Mouton & Co., Publishers. Reprinted by permission of Mouton de Gruyter, a Division of Walter de Gruyter & Co.

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--Doyle, James. From "Alistair MacLeod" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 60: Canadian Writers Since 1960. Second series. Edited by W. H. New. Gale Research, 1987. Copyright (c) 1987 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

--Doyle, Margaret E. From "Ethel Wilson" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 68: Canadian Writers, 19201959. First Series. Edited by W. H. New. Gale Research, 1988. Copyright (c) 1988 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Drinkwater, John. From The Muse in Council: Being Essays on Poets and Poetry. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1925. Copyright by John Drinkwater. Renewed 1952 by Daisy Kennedy Drinkwater. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of John Drinkwater.

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--Elbert, Sarah. From A Hunger for Home: Louisa May Alcott and "Little Women." Temple University Press, 1984. Copyright (c) 1984 by Temple University. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. --Ellis, Keith. From Cuba's Nicolas Guillen: Poetry and Ideology. University of Toronto Press, 1983. (c) University of Toronto Press 1983. Reprinted by permission of University of Toronto Press Incorporated.

--Ellis, Richard N. From a foreword to Land of the Spotted Eagle. By Luther Standing Bear. University of Nebraska Press, 1978. Foreword copyright (c) 1978 by the University of Nebraska Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Gatje, Helmut. From an introduction to The Quran and its Exegesis: Selected Texts with Classical and Modern Muslim Interpretations. Edited and translated by Alford T. Welch. University of California Press, 1976. This translation (c) 1976 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Reprinted by permission of Routledge.

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--Gilman, Richard. From The Making of Modern Drama: A Study of Buchner, Ibsen, Strindberg, Chekhov, Pirandello, Brecht, Beckett, Handke. Farrar, Straus, 1974. Copyright (c) 1972, 1973, 1974 by Richard Gilman. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Gindin, James. From "John Galsworthy" in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 10: Modern British Dramatists: 19001945. Edited by Stanley Weintraub. Gale Research, 1982. Copyright (c) 1982 Gale Research Company. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

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--Ginsberg, Allen. From an introduction to Visions of Cody. By Jack Kerouac. McGraw Hill, 1972. Introduction copyright (c) 1972 by Allen Ginsberg. Reprinted by permission of the author.

--Gladstein, Mimi Reisel. From The Ayn Rand Companion. Greenwood Press, 1984. Copyright (c) 1984 by Mimi Reisel Gladstein. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.

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--Gloster, Hugh M. From Negro Voices in American Fiction. University of North Carolina Press, 1948. Copyright, 1948, by The University of North Carolina Press. Renewed 1975 by Hugh M. Gloster. Used by permission of the publisher.

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--Gonzalez, Manuel Pedro. From Jose Marti: Epic Chronicler of the United States in the Eighties. University of North Carolina Press, 1953. Copyright, 1953, by The University of North Carolina Press. Renewed 1981 by Edward Gonzales and Yolanda G. Porr. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.

--Goodridge, J.F. From an introduction to Piers the Ploughman. By William Langland. Translated by J. F. Goodridge. Revised edition. Penguin Books, 1968. Copyright (c) J. F. Goodridge, 1959, 1966. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.

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--Jarrell, Randall. From The Third Book of Criticism. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969. Copyright 1941, 1945, (c) 1955, 1956, 1962, 1963, 1965 by Mrs. Randall Jarrell. Copyright (c) 1963, 1965 Randall Jarrell. Reprinted by permission of Mary von S. Jarrell.

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--Johnson, James Weldon. From "Fenton Johnson" in The Book of American Negro Poetry. Edited by James Weldon Johnson. Revised edition. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1931. Copyright 1931 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Renewed 1959 by Grace Neil Johnson. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of James Weldon Johnson.

--Johnson, James Weldon. From an introduction to Southern Road: Poems. By Sterling A Brown. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1932. Copyright 1932 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Renewed 1960 by Sterling Brown. Reprinted by permission of the Literary Estate of Sterling A. Brown.

--Johnson, Kenneth. From "Virtues in Style, Defect in Content: The Poetry of Richard Wilbur" in The Fifties: Fiction, Poetry, Drama. Edited by Warren French. Everett/Edwards, 1970. Copyright (c) 1970 by Warren French. Reprinted by permission of the editor.

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--Johnston, Otto W. From "The Integration of Fictional Patterns in Hebbel's Dramatic Structures" in Studies in the German Drama: A Festchrift in Honor of Walter Silz. Edited by Donald H. Crosby and George C. Schoolfield. University of North Carolina Press, 1974. (c) University of North Carolina Studies in the Germanic Languages and Literature. Used by permission of the publisher.

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--Jones, Margaret W. W. From "Sender, Dramatist" in Homenaje a Antonio Sanchez Barbudo: Ensayos de Literatura Espanola Moderna. Benito Brancaforte, Edward R. Mulvihill, Roberto G. Sanchez, eds. University of Wisconsin, 1981. Copyright (c) by Sanchez Barbudo Homenaje Committee 1981. Reprinted by permission of Benito Brancaforte.

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--Jones, Gayl and Michael S. Harper. From an interview in Chant of Saints: A Gathering of AfroAmerican Literature, Art, and Scholarship. Edited by Michael S. Harper and Robert B. Stepto. University of Illinois Press, 1979. (c) 1979 by the Board of Tru