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COPYRIGHTED EXCERPTS IN EXPLORING Novels WERE REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

Achebe, Chinua

Sarr, Ndiawar. From "The Center Holds: The Resilience of Ibo Culture in ‘Things Fall Apart’," in Global Perspectives on Teaching Literature: Shared Visions and Distinctive Visions. Sandra Ward Lott, Maureen S. G. Hawkins, Norman McMillan, eds. National Council of Teachers of English, 1993. © 1993 by the National Council of Teachers of English. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Angelou, Maya

Bertolino, James. From "Maya Angelou Is Three Writers: ‘I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings’," in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

Angelou, Maya

Moore, Opal. From "Learning to Live: When the Bird Breaks from the Cage," in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

Angelou, Maya

CLA Journal, v. XX, December, 1976. Copyright, 1976 by The College Language Association. Used by permission of The College Language Association.

Angelou, Maya

College English, v. 22, October, 1995 for "Racial Protest, Identity, Words, and Form in Maya Angelou’s ‘I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings’" by Pierre A. Walker. Copyright © 1995 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Angelou, Maya

Kansas Quarterly, v. 7, Summer, 1975 for "Maya Angelou’s ‘I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings’ and Black Autobiographical Tradition" by George E. Kent. © copyright 1975 by the Kansas Quarterly. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the Literary Estate of George E. Kent.

Angelou, Maya

South Atlantic Bulletin, v. XLI, May, 1976. Copyright © 1976 by South Atlantic Modern Language Association. Reproduced by permission.

Austen, Jane

Brown, Julia Prewitt. From "The ‘Social History’ of ‘Pride and Prejudice’," in Approaches to Teaching Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Edited by Marcia McClintock Folsom. Modern Language Association of America, 1993. Reproduced by permission of the Modern Language Association of America.

Austen, Jane

Kneedler, Susan. From "The New Romance in ‘Pride and Prejudice’," in Approaches to Teaching Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Edited by Marcia McClintock Folsom. Modern Language Association of America, 1993. Reproduced by permission of the Modern Language Association of America.

Austen, Jane

Wright, Andrew H. From "Heroines, Heroes, and Villains in ‘Pride and Prejudice’," in Twentieth Century Interpretations of Pride and Prejudice: A Collection of Critical Essays. Edited by E. Rubinstein. Prentice-Hall, 1969. Copyright © 1969 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Austen, Jane

Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature, v. XXV, Winter, 1992. © Mosaic 1992. Acknowledgment of previous publication is herewith made.

Austen, Jane

Nineteenth-Century Fiction, v. 30, December, 1975 for "Plot, Character, Speech, and Place in ‘Pride and Prejudice’" by Walter E. Anderson. © 1975 by The Regents of the University of California. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Austen, Jane

Studies in the Novel, v. XVI, Fall, 1984. Copyright 1984 by North Texas State University. Reproduced by permission.

Bradbury, Ray

Colmer, John. From Coleridge to Catch-22: Images of Society. St. Martin’s Press, 1978. © John Colmer 1978. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Press Ltd. In North America by St. Martin’s Press, Incorporated.

Bradbury, Ray

Johnson, Wayne L. From Ray Bradbury. Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1980. Copyright © 1980 by Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc. Reproduced by permission.

Bradbury, Ray

Wood, Diane S. From "Bradbury and Atwood: Exile as Rational Decision," in The Literature of Emigration and Exile. Edited by James Whitlark and Wendall Aycock. Texas Tech University Press, 1992. Copyright 1992 Texas Tech University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher .

Bradbury, Ray

English Journal, v. 59, February, 1970 for "A Study of the Allusions in Bradbury’s ‘Fahrenheit 451’" by Peter Sisario. Copyright © 1970 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Bradbury, Ray

Extrapolation, v. 36, Winter, 1995. Copyright 1995 by The Kent State University Press. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Bronte, Charlotte

English Studies, Netherlands, v. 57, June, 1976. © 1976 by Swets & Zeitlinger B. V. Reproduced by permission.

Bronte, Charlotte

Papers on Language & Literature, v. IV, Winter, 1968. Copyright © 1968 by the Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville. Reproduced by permission.

Bronte, Charlotte

Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, v. 8, Autumn, 1968 for "In Defense of ‘Jane Eyre’" by Arnold Shapiro. © 1968 William Marsh Rice University. Reprinted by permission of SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 and the author.

Bronte, Charlotte

Studies in the Novel, v. XX, Summer, 1988. Copyright 1988 by North Texas State University. Reproduced by permission.

Bronte, Charlotte

The Victorian Newsletter, n. 80, Fall, 1991 for "‘A Cool Observer of Her Own Sex Like Me’: Girl-Watching in ‘Jane Eyre’" by Annette Federico. Reproduced by permission of The Victorian Newsletter and the author.

Bronte, Emily

Gerster, Carole. From "The Reality of Fantasy: Emily Bronte’s ‘Wuthering Heights’," in Spectrum of the Fantastic: Selected Essays from the Sixth International Conference on the Fantastic Arts. Edited by Donald Palumbo. Greenwood Press, 1988. Copyright © 1988 by Donald Palumbo. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.

Bronte, Emily

The Dalhousie Review, v. 54, Autumn, 1974 for "The Theme of ‘Wuthering Heights’ Reconsidered’" by H. P. Sucksmith. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Bronte, Emily

The South Atlantic Quarterly, v. 72, Winter, 1973. Copyright © 1973 by Duke University Press, Durham, NC. Reproduced by permission.

Bronte, Emily

The Victorian Newsletter, n. 68, Fall, 1985 for "The Waif at the Window: Emily Bronte’s Feminine ‘Bildungsroman’" by Annette R. Federico. Reproduced by permission of The Victorian Newsletter and the author.

Camus, Albert

Daruwalla, K. N. From "The Impact of ‘L’Etranger’: Oblique Reflections on an Oblique Novel," in Camus’s "L’Etranger": Fifty Years on. Edited by Adele King. St. Martin’s Press, 1992. Text © Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd. 1992. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Press Ltd. In North America by St. Martin’s Press, Incorporated.

Camus, Albert

King, Adele. From Camus’s "L’Etranger": Fifty Years On. Edited by Adele King. St. Martin’s Press, 1992. Editorial matter and selection © Adele King 1992. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Press Ltd. In North America by St. Martin’s Press, Incorporated.

Camus, Albert

Sarang, Vilas. From "A Brother to the Stranger," in Camus’s "L’Etranger": Fifty Years On. Edited by Adele King. St. Martin’s Press, 1992. Text © Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd. 1992. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Press Ltd. In North America by St. Martin’s Press, Incorporated.

Camus, Albert

Tarrow, Susan. From Exile from the Kingdom: A Political Rereading of Albert Camus. University of Alabama Press, 1985. Copyright © 1985 by The University of Alabama Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

Camus, Albert

Studies in the Novel, v. XXV, Spring, 1993. Copyright 1993 by North Texas State University. Reproduced by permission.

Carroll, Lewis

Ariel: A Review of International English Literature, v. 4, April, 1973 for "Sanity, Madness and Alice" by Neilson Graham. Copyright © 1973 The Board of Governors, The University of Calgary. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Carroll, Lewis

Criticism, v. 12, Winter, 1970 for "Satire in the Alice Books" by Charles Matthews. Copyright, 1970, Wayne State University Press. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Carroll, Lewis

The Kenyon Review, v. XXVII, Autumn, 1965 for "Wonderland Revisited" by Harry Levin. Copyright 1965 by Kenyon College. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the Literary Estate of the author.

Carroll, Lewis

The Lion and the Unicorn, v. 3, Spring, 1979. Copyright © 1979 The Lion and the Unicorn. Reproduced by permission.

Carroll, Lewis

The Virginia Quarterly Review, v. 49, Winter, 1973. Copyright, 1973, by The Virginia Quarterly Review, The University of Virginia. Reproduced by permission.

Carroll, Lewis

Victorian Studies, v. XVII, September, 1973 for "Alice and Wonderland: A Curious Child" by Nina Auerbach. Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of Indiana University and the author.

Cather, Willa

Comeau, Paul. From "The Doctrine of the Open Road in ‘My Antonia’," in Approaches to Teaching Cather’s "My Antonia." Edited by Susan J. Rosowski. Modern Language Association of America, 1989. Copyright © 1989 by The Modern Language Association of America. Reproduced by permission of the Modern Language Association of America.

Cather, Willa

Stegner, Wallace. From The American Novel: From James Fenimore Cooper to William Faulkner. Edited by Wallace Stegner. Basic Books, Inc., 1965. Copyright © 1965 by Basic Books, Inc., Publishers. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Cather, Willa

Stouck, David. From "Teaching the Literacy and Philosophical Traditions," in Approaches to Teaching Cather’s "My Antonia." Edited by Susan J. Rosowski. Modern Language Association of America, 1989. Copyright © 1989 by The Modern Language Association of America. Reproduced by permission of the Modern Language Association of America.

Cather, Willa

Prairie Schooner, v. XLVIII, Summer, 1974. © 1974 by University of Nebraska Press. Reproduced from Prairie Schooner by permission of the University of Nebraska Press.

Cather, Willa

Western American Literature, v. XXIV, May, 1989. Copyright, 1989, by the Western Literature Association. Reproduced by permission.

Chopin, Kate

American Literature, v. 66, June, 1994. Copyright © 1994 Duke University Press, Durham, NC. Reproduced by permission.

Chopin, Kate

Women’s Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, v. 13, 1986. © Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. Reproduced by permission.

Cisneros, Sandra

McCracken, Ellen. From "Sandra Cisneros’ ‘The House on Mango Street’: Community-Oriented Introspection and the Demystification of Patriarchal Violence," in Breaking Boundaries: Latina Writing and Critical Readings. Edited by Asuncion Horno-Delgado & others. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1989. Copyright © 1989 by The University of Massachusetts Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

Cisneros, Sandra

Children’s Literature: Annual of the Modern Language Association Seminar on Children’s Literature and The Children’s Literature Association, v. 23, 1995. © 1995 by Francelia Butler. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Yale University Press.

Cisneros, Sandra

English Journal, v. 81, September, 1992 for "Coming of Age in Novels by Rudolfo Anaya and Sandra Cisneros" by Dianne Klein. Copyright © 1992 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Cisneros, Sandra

The Midwest Quarterly, v. XXXVII, Autumn, 1995. Copyright, 1995, by The Midwest Quarterly, Pittsburg State University. Reproduced by permission.

Conrad, Joseph

Cox, C. B. From "‘Heart of Darkness’: A Choice of Nightmares?" in Joseph Conrad’s "Heart of Darkness." Edited by Harold Bloom. Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. © 1987 by Chelsea House Publishers. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Conrad, Joseph

Tindall, W. Y. From "Apology for Marlow," in Jane Austen to Joseph Conrad: Essays Collected in Memory of James T. Hillhouse. Edited by Robert C. Rathburn and Martin Steinmann, Jr. University of Minnesota Press, 1958. © copyright 1958 by the University of Minnesota. Renewed 1986 by Robert Charles Rathburn and Martin Steinmann, Jr. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Literary Estate of W. Y. Tindall.

Conrad, Joseph

Wright, Walter F. From Romance and Tragedy in Joseph Conrad. University of Nebraska Press, 1949. Copyright University of Nebraska Press, 1949. Renewed 1976 by Walter F. Wright. Reproduced by permission.

Conrad, Joseph

The Massachusetts Review, v. XVIII, Winter, 1977. © 1977. Reprinted from The Massachusetts Review, The Massachusetts Review, Inc. by permission.

Cormier, Robert

Nodelman, Perry. From "Robert Cormier’s ‘The Chocolate War’: Paranoia and Paradox," in Stories and Society: Children’s Literature in Its Social Context. Edited by Dennis Butts. Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd., 1992. © Dennis Butts and Editorial Board, Lumiere (Co-operative) Press Ltd., 1992. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Press Ltd. In North America by St. Martin’s Press, Incorporated.

Cormier, Robert

Oneal, Zibby. From "‘They Tell You to Do Your Own Thing, but They Don’t Mean It’: Censorship and ‘The Chocolate War’," in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

Cormier, Robert

Children’s Literature in Education, v. 22, September, 1991 for "‘The Chocolate War’ and "The Sweet Science," by Jan Susina. © 1991, Agathon Press, Inc. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Crane, Stephen

Modern Fiction Studies, v. XI, Winter, 1965-66. Copyright © 1966 by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette, IN 47907. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Crane, Stephen

The Yale Review, v. LXVI, December, 1976 for "Courage and Convention: The Red Badge of Courage" by Paul Breslin. Copyright 1975, by Yale University. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Dickens, Charles

Gross, John. From "A Tale of Two Cities," in Dickens and the Twentieth Century. Edited by John Gross and Gabriel Pearson. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962. © Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1962. Reproduced by permission.

Dickens, Charles

Zabel, Morton Dauwen. From Craft and Character: Texts, Method, and Vocation in Modern Fiction. The Viking Press, 1957. Copyright © 1957 by Morton Dauwen Zabel. Renewed 1985 by Viking Penguin Inc. Reproduced by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin USA.

Dickens, Charles

Children’s Literature Association Quarterly, v. 17, Fall, 1992. © 1992 Children’s Literature Association. Reproduced by permission.

Dickens, Charles

Dickens Studies Annual, v. I, 1970. Copyright © 1970 by Southern Illinois University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of AMS Press, Inc.

Dickens, Charles

Dickens Studies Annual, v. I, 1970. Copyright © 1970 by Southern Illinois University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of AMS Press, Inc.

Dickens, Charles

Essays in Criticism, v. X, January, 1960 for "The Hero’s Guilt: The Case of ‘Great Expectations’" by Julian Moynahan. Reproduced by permission of the Editors of Essays in Criticism.

Dickens, Charles

Massachusetts Studies in English, v. III, Fall, 1972 for "The Character of Estella in ‘Great Expectations’" by Lucille P. Shores. Copyright © 1972 by Lucille P. Shores. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Dickens, Charles

Nineteenth-Century Fiction, v. 9, December, 1954 for "The Poor Labyrinth: The Theme of Social Injustice in Dicken’s ‘Great Expectations’" by John H. Hagan, Jr. Copyright 1954 by The Regents of the University of California. Reproduced by permission of The Regents and the author.

Dostoevsky, Fyodor

Commentary, v. 93, June, 1992 for "How to Read ‘Crime and Punishment’" by Gary Saul Morson. Copyright © 1992 by the American Jewish Committee. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Ellison, Ralph

American Literature, v. XLVI, March, 1974. Copyright © Duke University Pres, Durham, NC. Reproduced by permission.

Ellison, Ralph

Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction, v. X, 1968. Copy right © 1968 Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Reproduced with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802.

Ellison, Ralph

English Journal, v. 58, September, 1969 for "Ellison’s Ambitious Scope in ‘Invisible Man’" by Stewart Lillard. Copyright © 1969 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Ellison, Ralph

Studies in Black Literature, v. 7, Autumn, 1976. Copyright 1976 by the editor. Reproduced by permission.

Faulkner, William

Arizona Quarterly, v. 40, Autumn, 1992 for "Cavalier Ideology and History: The Significance of Quentin’s Section in ‘The Sound and the Fury’" by Kevin Railey. Copyright © 1992 by Arizona Board of Regents. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Faulkner, William

Modern Language Quarterly, v. XXIX, December, 1968. © 1970 University of Washington. Reproduced by permission of Duke University Press.

Faulkner, William

Mosaic: A Journal for the Comparative Study of Literature and Ideas, v. VII, Fall, 1973. © Mosaic 1973. Acknowledgment of previous publication is herewith made.

Faulkner, William

Studies in the Novel, v. XXIV, Winter, 1992. Copyright 1992 by North Texas State University. Reproduced by permission.

Faulkner, William

The Midwest Quarterly, v. XI, July, 1970. Copyright, 1970, by The Midwest Quarterly, Pittsburg State University. Reproduced by permission.

Faulkner, William

The Southern Literary Journal, v. XXV, Fall, 1992. Copyright 1992 by the Department of English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reproduced by permission.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

Miller, James E., Jr. From "Fitzgerald’s ‘Gatsby’: The World as Ash Heap," in The Twenties: Fiction, Poetry, Drama. Edited by Warren French. Everett/Edwards, Inc., 1975. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

English Journal, v. 55, October, 1966 for "Counterpoint as Technique in ‘The Great Gatsby’" by James M. Mellard. Copyright © 1966 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

English Journal, v. 59, May, 1970 for "Gatsby: False Prophet of the American Dream" by Roger L. Pearson. Copyright © 1970 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

The Massachusetts Review, v. VII, Autumn, 1966. © 1966. Reprinted from The Massachusetts Review, The Massachusetts Review, Inc. by permission.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

Twentieth Century Literature, v. 13, April, 1967. Copyright 1967, Hofstra University Press. Reproduced by permission.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

University Review, v. XXXIII, March, 1967 for "A Note on Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’" by David F. Trask. Copyright 1967 The Curators of the University of Missouri. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Forster, E. M.

Criticism, v. 6, Winter, 1964 for "The Communal Ritual and the Dying God in E. M. Forster’s ‘A Passage to India’" by Ellin Horowitz. Copyright, 1964, Wayne State University Press. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

Forster, E. M.

South Atlantic Review, v. 48, January, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by the South Atlantic Modern Language Association. Reproduced by permission.

Forster, E. M.

Women & Literature, v. 5, Fall, 1977. Copyright © 1977 by Janet M. Todd. Reprinted by permission of Holmes & Meier.

Gaines, Ernest

Byerman, Keith E. From "A ‘Slow-to-Anger’ People: ‘The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman’ as Historical Fiction," in Critical Reflections on the Fiction of Ernest J. Gaines. Edited by David C. Estes. The University of Georgia Press, 1994. © 1994 by the University of Georgia Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

Gaines, Ernest

Black American Literature Forum, v. 11, Spring, 1977 for "‘We Ain’t Going Back There’: The Idea of Progress in ‘The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman’" by William L. Andrews. Copyright © 1977 Indiana State University. Reproduced by permission of Indiana State University and the author.

Gaines, Ernest

The New York Times Book Review, section 7, May 23, 1971. Copyright © 1971 by The New York Times Company. Reproduced by permission.

Golding, William

Slayton, Paul. From "Teaching Rationale for William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’," in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

Golding, William

Critical Quarterly, v. 2, Summer, 1960 for a review of "Lord of the Flies" by C. B. Cox. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Golding, William

The Georgia Review, v. XIX, Spring, 1965. Copyright, 1965, by the University of Georgia. Reproduced by permission.

Guest, Judith

Neuhaus, Ron. From "Threshold Literature: A Discussion of ‘Ordinary People’," in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

Guest, Judith

Children’s Literature Association Quarterly, v. 16, Winter, 1991-92. © 1991 Children's Literature Association. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Guest, Judith

The New York Review of Books, June 10, 1976. Copyright © 1976 Nyrev Inc. Reproduced with permission from The New York Review of Books.

Guest, Judith

The New York Times Book Review, July 18, 1976. Copyright © 1976 by The New York Times Company. Reproduced by permission.

Hardy, Thomas

Daleski, H. M. From The Divided Heroine: A Recurrent Pattern in Six English Novels. Holmes & Meier, 1984. Copyright © 1984 by H. M. Daleski. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Holmes & Meier.

Hardy, Thomas

Hinde, Thomas. From "Accident and Coincidence in Tess of the D’Urbervilles," in The Genius of Thomas Hardy. Edited by Margaret Drabble. Knopf, 1976. Copyright © 1976 by George Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Hardy, Thomas

Miller, J. Hillis. From Fiction and Repetition: Seven English Novels. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982. Copyright © 1982 by J. Hillis Miller. All rights reserved. Excerpted by permission of the publishers.

Hardy, Thomas

English Literature in Transition: 1880-1920, v. 37, 1994. Copyright © 1994 English Literature in Transition: 1880-1920. Reproduced by permission.

Hardy, Thomas

English Studies, Netherlands, v. 75, January, 1994. © 1994 by Swets & Zeitlinger B. V. Reproduced by permission.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel

Sewall, Richard B. From The Vision of Tragedy. Yale University Press, 1959. Copyright © 1959 by Yale University Press, Inc. Renewed 1987 by Richard B. Sewall. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel

Nineteenth-Century Fiction, v. 19, September, 1964 for "Arthur Dimmesdale as Tragic Hero" by Bruce Ingham Granger. © 1964, renewed 1992 by The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.

Heller, Joseph

Martine, James J. From "The Courage to Defy," in Critical Essays on "Catch-22". Edited by James Nagel. Dickenson Publishing Company, 1974. Copyright © 1974 by Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Heller, Joseph

Nagel, James. From Critical Essays on "Catch-22". Edited by James Nagel. Dickenson Publishing Company, 1974. Copyright © 1974 by Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Heller, Joseph

The CEA Critic, v. 36, November, 1973. Copyright © 1973 by the College English Association, Inc. Reproduced by permission.

Heller, Joseph

The Midwest Quarterly, v. XV, January, 1974. Copyright, 1974, by The Midwest Quarterly, Pittsburg State University. Reproduced by permission.

Heller, Joseph

Twentieth Century Literature, v. 19, October, 1973. Copyright 1973, Hofstra University Press. Reproduced by permission.

Hemingway, Ernest

Baker, Sheridan. From Ernest Hemingway: An Introduction and Interpretation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1967. Copyright © 1967 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Hemingway, Ernest

Stoltzfus, Ben. From Gide and Hemingway: Rebels against God. Kennikat Press Corp., 1978. Copyright © 1978 by Kennikat Press Corp. Reproduced by permission of the author.

Hemingway, Ernest

American Literature, v. 31, January, 1960. Copyright © 1960 Duke University Press, Durham, NC. Reproduced by permission.

Hemingway, Ernest

College English, v. 27, December, 1965. Copyright © 1965 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission.

Hemingway, Ernest

Modern Fiction Studies, v. XIV, Autumn, 1968. Copyright © 1968 by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette, IN 47907. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Hemingway, Ernest

The Lock Haven Review, n. 11, 1969. Copyright © 1969 by Lock Haven State College. Reproduced by permission.

Hemingway, Ernest

The New York Herald Tribune Book Review, September, 1952 for "Hemingway’s Novel Has the Rich Simplicity of a Classic" by Malcolm Cowley. © 1952 by I.H.T. Corporation. Renewed 1980 by Malcolm Cowley. Reproduced by permission of the Literary Estate of the author.

Hemingway, Ernest

The Sewanee Review, v. LXXIV, Spring, 1966 for "A Farewell to Arms" by William A. Glasser. © 1966 by The University of the South. Reproduced with the permission of the editor of The Sewanee Review.

Hemingway, Ernest

The Sewanee Review, v. LXXIX, Autumn, 1971 for "‘A Farewell to Arms’: The Danger of Imagination" by Dewey Ganzel. © 1971 by The University of the South. Reproduced with the permission of the editor of The Sewanee Review.

Hesse, Hermann

Monatshefte, v. 62, Summer, 1971. Copyright © 1971 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Reproduced by permission of The University of Wisconsin Press.

Hugo, Victor

Grant, Elliott M. From The Career of Victor Hugo. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1945. Copyright 1945, renewed 1973, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Excerpted by permission of the publishers.

Hugo, Victor

Lynd, Robert. From Books and Writers. J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1952. Reproduced by permission.

Hurston, Zora Neale

English Language Notes, v. 30, December, 1992. © copyrighted 1992, Regents of the University of Colorado. Reproduced by permission.

Hurston, Zora Neale

Modern Fiction Studies, v. 20, Winter, 1974-75. Copyright © 1975 by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette, IN 47907. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Hurston, Zora Neale

Radical Teacher, v. 9, September, 1978. Reproduced by permission.

Hurston, Zora Neale

The Southern Literary Journal, v. XVII, Spring, 1985. Copyright 1985 by the Department of English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reproduced by permission.

Hurston, Zora Neale

The Southern Literary Journal, v. XXIII, Spring, 1991. Copyright 1991 by the Department of English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reproduced by permission.

Hurston, Zora Neale

The Southern Literary Journal, v. XXVII, Fall, 1994. Copyright 1994 by the Department of English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reproduced by permission.

Huxley, Aldous

Beckham, Richard H. From "Huxley’s ‘Brave New World’ as Social Irritant: Ban It of Buy It?" in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

Huxley, Aldous

Colmer, John. From Coleridge to Catch-22: Images of Society. St. Martin’s Press, 1978. © John Colmer 1978. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Press Ltd. In North America by St. Martin’s Press, Incorporated.

Huxley, Aldous

Firchow, Peter Edgerly. From The End of Utopia: A Study of Aldous Huxley’s "Brave New World." Bucknell University Press, 1984. Reproduced by permission.

Huxley, Aldous

The International Fiction Review, v. 11, Summer, 1984 for "The Subversion of Drama in Huxley’s ‘Brave New World’" by Edward Lobb. © copyright 1984 International Fiction Association. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Joyce, James

Daiches, David. From The Novel and the Modern World. Revised edition. University of Chicago Press, 1960. © 1960 by The University of Chicago. Renewed 1988 by David Daiches. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

Joyce, James

James Joyce Quarterly, v. 2, Winter, 1965. Copyright, 1965, The University of Tulsa. Reproduced by permission.

Joyce, James

Novel: A Forum on Fiction, v. 29, Fall, 1995. Copyright NOVEL Corp. © 1995. Reproduced with permission.

Joyce, James

The Midwest Quarterly, v. XXV, Spring, 1994. Copyright, 1994, by The Midwest Quarterly, Pittsburg State University. Reproduced by permission.

Joyce, James

Twentieth Century Literature, v. 40, Fall, 1994. Copyright 1994, Hofstra University Press. Reproduced by permission.

Kesey, Ken

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Waldmeir, Joseph J. From "Two Novelists of the Absurd: Heller an Kesey," in One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest: Text and Criticism. Edited by John Clark Pratt. Viking Penguin Inc., 1973. Copyright © Viking Penguin Inc. 1973. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.

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College English Association Critic, v. 37, 1975. Reproduced by permission.

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Scholes, Robert. From Structural Fabulation: An Essay on Fiction of the Future. University of Notre Dame Press, 1975. Copyright © 1975 by University of Notre Dame Press; Notre Dame, IN 46556. Used by permission of the publisher.

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Small, Robert, Jr. From "‘Flowers for Algernon’ by Daniel Keyes," in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

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The Times Literary Supplement, n. 3360, July 21, 1966. © The Times Supplements Limited 1966. Reproduced from The Times Literary Supplement by permission.

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May, Jill. From "In Defense of ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’," in Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean, eds. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, John M. Kean. Reproduced by permission.

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Sundquist, Eric J. From "Blues for Atticus Finch: Scottsboro, Brown, and Harper Lee," in The South as an American Problem. Edited by Larry J. Griffin and Don H. Doyle. University of Georgia Press, 1995. © 1995 by the University of Georgia Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

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The Alabama Review, v. XXVI, April, 1973. Copyright © 1973 by The University of Alabama Press. Reproduced by permission.

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The New England Quarterly, v. 52, June, 1979 for "Melville’s Vision of Death in ‘Moby-Dick’: Stepping Away from the ‘Snug Sofa’" by James P. Grove. Copyright 1979 by The New England Quarterly. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

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Lee, Dorothy H. From "The Quest for Self: Triumph and Failure in the Works of Toni Morrison," in Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation. Edited by Mari Evans. Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1984. Copyright © 1983 by Mari Evans. All rights reserved. Electronic used by permission Mari Evans and Dorthy H. Lee.

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CLA Journal, v. XXII, June, 1979. Copyright, 1979 by The College Language Association. Reproduced by permission of The College Language Association.

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Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction, v. XIX, 1977. Copyright © 1977 Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Reprinted with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, published by Heldref Publications, 119 18th Street, N. W., Washington, DC 20036-1802.

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South Atlantic Quarterly, v. LXVI, Autumn, 1967. Copyright © 1967 by Duke University Press, Durham, NC. Reproduced by permission.

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The Village Voice, v. XXVIII, February 1, 1983 for "Writing for the People" by Robert Christgau. Copyright © News Group Publications, Inc., 1983. Reproduced by permission of The Village Voice.

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Shen, Gloria. From "Born of a Stranger: Mother-Daughter Relationships and Storytelling in Amy Tan’s ‘The Joy Luck Club’," in International Women’s Writing: New Landscapes of Identity. Contributions in Women’s Studies, No. 147. Edited by Anne E. Brown and Marjanne E. Gooze. Greenwood Press, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by Anne E. Brown and Marjanne E. Gooze. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.

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CLA Journal, v. XXVIII, June, 1985. Copyright, 1985 by The College Language Association. Used by permission of The College Language Association.

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Stepto, Robert B. From From Behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative. University of Illinois Press, 1979. © 1979 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

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MELUS, v. 10, Fall, 1983. Copyright, MELUS, The Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, 1983. Reproduced by permission.

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Style, v. 27, Summer, 1993 for "Richard Wright and the African-American Autobiography Tradition" by William L. Andrews. Copyright © Style, 1993. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

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The CEA Critic, v. 54, Winter, 1992. Copyright © 1992 by the College English Association, Inc. Reproduced by permission.

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