Text, Photo, and Image Acknowledgments for UXL Science
Abacus. Abacus: Hans and Cassady. Addition on
abacus: Hans and Cassady.
Abrasives. Sandpaper: Field Mark Publications.
Acetylsalicylic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid: Field
Mark Publications.
Acid rain. Acid rain damage: JLM Visuals. Acid rain
emissions: National Center for Atmospheric Research.
Acne. Acne: Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers,
Inc.
Acoustics. Acoustics figures: Hans and Cassady.
Acoustics lab: Bell Telephone Laboratories.
Actinides. Seaborg speaking (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Uranium-235: Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Photo Researchers,
Inc. Californium: University of California, Berkeley.
Acupuncture. Acupuncture needles: Yoav
Levy/Phototake NYC. Acupuncture patient: Charles Gupton/Stock Market.
Adaptation. Tree in moist season: JLM Visuals. Tree
in dry season: JLM Visuals.
Addiction. Crack users: Roy Morsch/Stock Market.
Adhesives. Colorless adhesive: Astrid and
Hanns-Frieder Michler/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Aerodynamics. Wind tunnel testing: Dr. Gary
Settles/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Aerosols. Aerosol spray can: Field Mark
Publications.
Africa. Mount Kilimanjaro: JLM Visuals.
Agent Orange. Agent Orange spray: AP/Wide World
Photos.
Agriculture. Buffalo stampeding (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Chisel plow: Ken Wagner/Phototake NYC.
Agrochemical. Pesticides' effects (video): Hans and
Cassady. Path of pesticides: Hans and Cassady. Fertilizer spraying: Thomas Del Brase/Stock
Market.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV and
lymphocyte: Scott Camazine/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Airbag, automobile. Airbag: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Aircraft. Hindenburg exploding (video): Library of
Congress. Wrights first flight: Library of Congress. Hindenburg: Corbis-Bettmann.
Concorde: AP/Wide World Photos. B-2 Stealth Bomber: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
Air masses and fronts. Cumulonimbus clouds:
National Center for Atmospheric Research.
Albinism. Male with albinism: Norman
Lightfoot/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Alcohols. Alcohol structures: Hans and Cassady.
Aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes test: Jerry
Mason/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Algae. Blue-green alga cell: Hans and Cassady.
Green algae: Alex Rakosy/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc. Algal bloom:
Ferraris/Greenpeace.
Alkali metals. Sodium: Lawrence Migdale/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Sodium chloride: JLM Visuals.
Alkaline earth metals. Caffeine crystals: Phillip
A. Harrington/Stock Market. Calcium carbonate: JLM Visuals.
Allergy. Dust mite: Dennis Kunkel/Phototake NYC.
Allotrope. Graphite and diamond: Rick Gayle/Stock
Market.
Alluvial systems. Delta: Dan Guravich/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Alphabet. Rosetta Stone: Corbis-Bettmann. Dead Sea
Scrolls: Corbis-Bettmann.
Alternative energy sources. Wind turbines: U.S.
Department of Energy. Photovoltaic cells: Library of Congress. Solar panels: Michael
Johnson/Greenpeace.
Aluminum family. Aluminum framing: JLM Visuals.
Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's plaques: Cecil
Fox/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Ammonia. Ammonia molecule: Kenneth Eward/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Amoeba. Amoeba proteus: M. I. Walker/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Amphibians. Bell's horned frog: Field Mark
Publications.
Anatomy. Human body anatomy: John Bavosi/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Anemia. Pauling speaking (audio): National Archives
and Records Administration. Sickle-cell anemia: Gopal Murti/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Anesthesia. Chloroform: Jean-Loup Charmet/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Modern anesthetist: Telegraph Colour Library/FPG International Corp.
Aneurysm. Aneurysm: CNRI/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Animal. Black bear: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Animal breeding. Altered sheep: Philippe
Plailly/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Antarctica. Antarctic glacier: JLM Visuals.
Antenna. Doppler antenna: Brownie Harris/Stock
Market.
Antibiotics. Waksman speaking (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Penicillin culture: P. Barber/Custom Medical Stock
Photo, Inc.
Apollo. Apollo 11 liftoff: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Apollo 11: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA).
Aquaculture. Fish farming: JLM Visuals.
Arachnids. Cosmetid harvestman: JLM Visuals.
Arch. Types of arches: Teresa SanClementi. Arches:
Jim Cummings/FPG International Corp.
Archaeoastronomy. Stonehenge: Frank
Rossotto/Stocktrek Photo Agency.
Archaeology. Arizona excavation: Tom Bean/Stock
Market. Arizona ruins: Tom Bean/Stock Market.
Armor. Suit of armor: AP/Wide World Photos.
Armored vehicle. M-60 tanks:
Reuters/Corbis-Bettmann.
Arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis: Martin M.
Rotker/Phototake NYC.
Arthritis. Arthritic hand: Photo Researchers, Inc.
Arthropods. Bee pollinating (video): National
Archives and Records Administration. Damselfly: Field Mark Publications.
Artificial fibers. Polyester fibers: Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Artificial heart. Artificial heart: National
Institutes of Health/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Artificial intelligence. Autonomous Rover: Bruce
Frisch/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Artillery. Roman catapult: The Bettmann Archive.
Asbestos. Serpentine asbestos: JLM Visuals.
Asia. Himalayas, Nepal: Susan D. Rock.
Asteroid. Asteroid Gaspra: Frank Rossotto/Stocktrek
Photo Agency.
Asthma. Bronchioles compared: Hans and Cassady.
Astrolabe. Astrolabe: AKG/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Astrophysics. Cartwheel galaxy: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Atmosphere, composition and structure. Earth's
atmosphere: Hans and Cassady.
Atmosphere observation. Weather balloon: National
Center for Atmospheric Research.
Atmospheric circulation. Global cloud cover:
National Center for Atmospheric Research. Doppler radar: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
Atmospheric optical effects. Aurora borealis: Pekka
Parviatnen/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Atom. Neon atom: Kenneth Eward/Photo Researchers,
Inc.
Atomic bomb. Trinity exploding (video): National
Archives and Records Administration. Oppenheimer speaking (audio): National Archives and
Records Administration. Seaborg speaking (audio): National Archives and Records
Administration. Atomic bomb: Archive Photos/American Stock.
Atomic theory. Atomic theory figure: Hans and
Cassady.
Australia. Uluru (Ayers Rock): JLM Visuals.
Automation. Automated machine: Robert Essel/Stock
Market.
Automobile. Benz in first auto: Library of
Congress.
Automobile, electric. Electric car: Joseph
Nettis/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Bacteria. Bacterium anatomy: Hans and Cassady. Soil
bacterium: Dr. Tony Brain/Photo Researchers, Inc. E. coli bacterium: Lee D. Simon/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Balloon. Hot-air balloon: Paul Logsdon/Phototake
NYC. Research balloon: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Bar code. Bar code and scanner: PhotoEdit.
Barometer. Aneroid barometer: Diana Calder/Stock
Market.
Bath and shower. Bath, England: Brian Brake/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Battery. Batteries: Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Bayonet. Troops with bayonets: The Bettmann
Archive.
Behavior. Plant behavior: Nigel Cattlin/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Animal behavior: Field Mark Publications.
Big bang theory. Big bang aftermath: Ludek
Pesek/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Binary star. Binary star system: Max Planck
Institut fur Physik und Astrophysik/Photo Researchers, Inc. Black hole/red giant: Julian
Baum/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Biodiversity. Amazon rain forest: Francois
Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Biological warfare. Biomes at 87 degrees: Hans and
Cassady. Boreal forest: JLM Visuals. Mangrove swamp: M. Woodbridge Williams/National Park
Service.
Biosphere. Beni Reserve: Robin Foster/Conservation
International.
Biotechnology. Genetic injection: M.
Baret/RAPHU/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Birds. Eagle fishing (video): U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. Baby hawk eating (video): National Archives and Records Administration.
Yellow-crowned heron: Field Mark Publications.
Birth defects. Spina bifida: Biophoto
Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Birth. Birth of human baby: SIU/Photo Researchers,
Inc. Stage 1: Hans and Cassady. Stage 2: Hans and Cassady. Stage 3: Hans and Cassady.
Black hole. Black hole: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Black hole/red giant: Julian Baum/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Blind, communication systems for. Boy reading
braille: FPG International Corp.
Blood. Red blood cells: Goivaux
Communication/Phototake NYC.
Blood pressure measuring device. Measuring device:
AP/Wide World Photos.
Blood transfusion. Blood transfusion:
Corbis-Bettmann.
Botany. Lady-slipper orchid: Field Mark
Publications.
Boyle's law. Robert Boyle: Library of Congress.
Brain. Brain comparisons: Hans and Cassady. Brain
cells: Professor P. Motta/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Brewing. Brewery: John Olson/Stock Market.
Brick. Making adobe bricks: Corbis-Bettmann.
Bridges. Bridge collapsing (video): Library of
Congress. Bowstring bridge: JLM Visuals.
Buckminsterfullerene. Buckminsterfullerene: J.
Bernholc, et al./Photo Researchers, Inc.
Buoyancy. Buoyancy thermometer: Field Mark
Publications.
Burn. Burn debridement: Ann Chawatsky/Phototake
NYC.
CAD/CAM. CAD system: Ed Kashi/Phototake NYC.
Calculator. Calculators: Doug Handel/Stock Market.
Pascal's calculator: Corbis-Bettmann.
Calendar. Early Roman calendar: Corbis-Bettmann.
Caliper. Caliper: Field Mark Publications.
Canal. Panama Canal: Will and Demi McIntyre/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Can and canned food. Fruit cannery:
UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Cancer. Human sarcoma: Dr. Brian Eyden/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Breast cancer: Dennis Kunkel/Phototake NYC. Radiation treatment: Martin
Dohrn/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Canines. Endangered red wolf: U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. Dingos: Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide: R. Folwell/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Carbon family. Diamond: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Buckminsterfullerene: J. Bernholc, et al./Photo Researchers,
Inc. Graphite and diamond: Rick Gayle/Stock Market.
Carcinogen. Coal miners: Arizona Historical
Society. Hazardous waste sign: Sam Kittner/Greenpeace.
Cargo ship. Container ship: PhotoEdit.
Carpal tunnel syndrome. Typist at keyboard: Field
Mark Publications.
Cartography. Relief map: M. R. Klepper/U.S.
Geological Survey Photographic Library.
Cash register. Ritty's register: Library of
Congress.
Cataract surgery. Cataract surgery: David
Sutton/Stock Market.
Cathode-ray tube. Cathode-ray tube: Library of
Congress.
Cave. Harrison's Cave: Carol DeKane Nagel.
Cell. Animal cell: Don W. Fawcett/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Plant cell: Hans and Cassady.
Centrifuge. Centrifuge: Charles D. Winters/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Cetaceans. Dolphins vocalizing (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Humpbacks vocalizing (audio): National Archives and
Records Administration. Dolphins: JLM Visuals. Humpback whale: U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service.
Challenger. Challenger exploding (video): Library
of Congress. Challenger: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Challenger
liftoff: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Challenger exploding:
UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
H.M.S. Challenger. H.M.S. Challenger: The Granger
Collection, New York.
Chemical Warfare. Poison gas: The Bettmann Archive.
Agent Orange: AP/Wide World Photos. Oil well fires: UCAR/NCAR. Anti-gas cream: Earl Young.
Chemistry. Chemical laboratory: Library of
Congress. Molecule model: Kenneth Eward/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Cholesterol. Cholesterol crystals: Dr. Jeremy
Burgess/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Chromosome. Human X chromosome: Biophoto
Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc. Female chromosomes: Phototake NYC.
Cigarette smoke. Lung comparison: A.
Glauberman/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Circle. Figure 1. Circle: Hans and Cassady.
Circulatory system. Circulatory system: Howard
Sochurek/Stock Market.
Clock and watch. Sundial: JLM Visuals.
Clone and cloning. Dolly: Philippe Plailly/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Banana plant clones: Phillip Hayson/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Clouds. Clouds gathering (video): National Archives
and Records Administration. Cumulus clouds: Field Mark Publications. Cumulonimbus clouds:
National Center for Atmospheric Research.
Coal. Coal seam: JLM Visuals.
Coast and beach. California beach: Field Mark
Publications.
Cogeneration. Cogeneration plant: Robert
Visser/Greenpeace.
Colloid. Colloidal mixture: Charles D.
Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Color. Spectrum: Theirry Cariou/Stock Market.
Combustion. Sulfur combusting: Lawrence
Migdale/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Comet. Comet West: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Halley's comet: Corbis-Bettmann.
Comic strip and comic book. Superman: AP/Wide World
Photos.
Compact disc. Write-once disc: IBM Corporation,
Research Division, Almaden Research Center.
Complex numbers. Figure 1. Graph: Hans and Cassady.
Composting. Composting: Field Mark Publications.
Compound, chemical. Figure 1. Compound: Hans and
Cassady.
Computer, analog. ENIAC: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Computer disk and tape. Optical computer: David
Parker/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Computer, industrial uses of. CAD system: FPG
International Corp.
Computer input and output devices. Sketch pad:
Spencer Grant/FPG International Corp.
Computer simulation. DataGlove: AP/Wide World
Photos.
Computer software. Computer class: Blair
Seltz/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Congruence (triangle). Figure 1. Triangles: Hans
and Cassady.
Conservation laws. Figure 1. Rocket: Hans and
Cassady.
Constellation. Orion: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
Contraception. Contraceptives: Michael Keller/Stock
Market.
Coral. Orange cup coral: JLM Visuals. Coral atoll:
Douglas Faulkner/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Cosmetics. Nefertiti: FPG International Inc.
Cosmic ray. Cosmic ray: Dmitry Skobeltzyn/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Cotton. Cotton fields: Mississippi Division of
Tourism.
Crops. Olive orchard: JLM Visuals. Rice and wheat
crops: JLM Visuals.
Crustaceans. Crayfish: Field Mark Publications.
Cryobiology. Cryotubes: Geoff Tompkinson/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Crystal. Sodium chloride: JLM Visuals. Crystal
lattice: JLM Visuals.
Curve. Figure 1. Curves: Hans and Cassady.
Cybernetics. Hannibal: Bruce Frisch/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Cyclone and anticyclone. Hurricane (video):
National Archives and Records Administration. Hurricane Diana: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
Dam. Hoover Dam: Roy Morsch/Stock Market.
Dark matter. Cluster of galaxies: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Dating techniques. Tree-ring dating: Charles
Krebs/Stock Market.
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). DDT
spraying: Library of Congress. DDT contamination: James P. Blair/National Geographic Image
Collection.
Dementia. Dementia: Photo Researchers, Inc.
Density. Density: Yoav Levy/Phototake NYC.
Dental filling, crown, and bridge. Dental cavity:
Hans and Cassady.
Dentistry. Pulling teeth: Corbis-Bettmann. Dental
examination: National Institutes of Health/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Depression. Brain comparison: National Institutes
of Health/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Desert. Sonoran Desert: Robert Jureit/Stock Market.
Desert pavement: JLM Visuals.
Diagnosis. Medical diagnosis: Randy Duchaine/Stock
Market.
Diesel engine. Diesel engine: Tom Campbell/FPG
International Corp. Diesel engine cycle: Hans and Cassady.
Diffraction. Diffraction grating: James
Stevenson/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Diffusion. Carbon dioxide: Andrew McClenaghan/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Digestive system. Digestive system: Hans and
Cassady. Villi: Dennis Kunkel/Phototake NYC.
Digitizer. Digitizing tablet: FPG International
Corp.
Dinosaur. Tyrannosaurus rex: Chris Butler/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Allosaurus: Chris Butler/Photo Researchers, Inc. Triceratops: Francois
Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc. Dinosaur footprint: JLM Visuals.
Diode. Light-emitting diode: Yoav Levy/Phototake
NYC.
Dioxin. Dioxin warning sign: Randy
Lantz/Greenpeace.
Disease. Smallpox: C. James Webb/Phototake NYC.
Distillation. Distillation process (video): Hans
and Cassady. Distillation setup: Hans and Cassady.
Diving apparatus. Diving machine: Mary Evans
Picture Library.
Doppler effect. Doppler effect (video): Hans and
Cassady.
Drift net. Dolphin in drift net:
Rowlands/Greenpeace.
Drought. Dust storm: Library of Congress.
Dust devil. Dust devil: JLM Visuals.
Dyes and pigments. Fabric dyes: Randy
Duchaine/Stock Market.
Dyslexia. Child with dyslexia: Field Mark
Publications.
Ear. Human ear anatomy: Hans and Cassady.
Earth. Earth: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Molten lava: JLM Visuals.
Earth's interior. Earth's interior: Hans and
Cassady.
Earthquake. Kobe earthquake: Chiaki Tsukumo/AP/Wide
World Photos. San Francisco quake: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Eating disorders. Anorectic: Biophoto
Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Eclipse. Total solar eclipse: Francois Gohier/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Ecology. Cactus and thrasher: Field Mark
Publications.
Ecosystem. Freshwater ecosystem (video): Hans and
Cassady. Freshwater ecosystem: Hans and Cassady.
Eel. Moray eel: JLM Visuals.
Electric arc. Lightning flashing (video): National
Archives and Records Administration. Electric arc: Phil Jude/Photo Researchers, Inc. Arc
lights: PhotoEdit.
Electric current. Electric circuit: Rick
Altman/Stock Market.
Electricity. Lightning flashing (video): National
Archives and Records Administration. Electricity arcing: Robert Essel/Bikderberg/Stock
Market. Electrical generator: Adam Hart-Davis/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Electric motor. Figure 1. Motor: William Bourne.
Electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG). EKG testing: Stock
Market.
Electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG of seizure:
Catherine Pouedras/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Electromagnetic induction. Figure 1. Induction:
William Bourne.
Electromagnetic spectrum. Spectrums: Robert L.
Wolke.
Electron. Atomic energy levels: David Parker/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Electron track: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Figure 1. Oil drop: Hans and Cassady. Paul Dirac: Library of Congress.
Electronics. Microprocessor: Peter Vadnai/Stock
Market.
Element, chemical. Periodic table: Hans and
Cassady.
El Nino. Drought: Stock Market
Embryo and embryonic development. Human embryo:
Petit Fromat/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Endangered species. Hooded parakeet: Field Mark
Publications. Red wolf: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Endocrine system. Human adrenal gland: Martin M.
Rotker/Phototake NYC.
Endorphin and enkephalin. Enkephalin: Professor K.
Seddon/Queen's University Belfast/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Engine. Engine sequence (video): Hans and Cassady.
Corliss steam engine: Library of Congress.
Engineering. Engineer at work: David Parker/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Enzyme. Figure 1. Reaction: Hans and Cassady.
Figure 2. Function: Hans and Cassady.
Equilibrium, chemical. Chemical equilibrium: Nigel
Cattlin/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Erosion. Soil erosion: Photo Researchers, Inc. Dust
storm: Library of Congress.
Europe. Matterhorn: JLM Visuals.
Evolution. Giraffe: Stan Osolinski/Stock Market.
Explorer 1. Explorer 1: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Explosive. Nuclear explosion: Photri/Stock Market.
Eye. Human eye anatomy: Hans and Cassady.
Eyeglasses. Benjamin Franklin: Corbis-Bettmann.
Fault. San Andreas Fault: JLM Visuals.
Fax machine. Fax machine: PhotoEdit.
Felines. Siberian tiger: Field Mark Publications.
Canada lynx: Thomas H. Brakefield/Stock Market.
Fertilization. Sperm and egg cell: David M.
Phillips/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Fertilizer, synthetic. Spraying fertilizer: U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service.
Fiber optics. Optical fibers: Eric Schrempp/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Fire extinguisher. Firefighter:
UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Firefighting equipment. Fire trucks: Spencer
Jones/FPG International Corp.
Fireworks. Fireworks: Fireworks by Grucci.
Fish. Longnose gar: Field Mark Publications. Giant
stingray: Norbert Wu/Stock Market.
Flower. Bee pollinating (video): National Archives
and Records Administration. Pollination: Field Mark Publications.
Fluid dynamics. Airflow model: National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA).
Fold. Fold: JLM Visuals.
Food preservation. Food to be frozen: Stock Market.
Food web and food chain. Eagle fishing (video):
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Baby hawk eating (video): National Archives and Records
Administration. Ecological pyramid: Teresa SanClementi. Manatee grazing: U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service.
Forensic science. Fingerprint system: Account
Phototake/Phototake NYC.
Forestry. Collection site: U.S. Forest Service.
Deforestation: Ulrike Welsch/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Forests. Old-growth forest: Tom and Pat
Lesson/Photo Researchers, Inc. Deciduous forest: M. Faltner/Stock Market/Zefa Germany.
Northern forest: JLM Visuals.
Fossil and fossilization. Fly in amber: JLM
Visuals. Trilobite fossil: JLM Visuals. Acrocanthosaurus: Francois Gohier/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Triceratops: Francois Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc. Parasaurolophus:
Francois Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc. Dinosaur footprint: JLM Visuals. Lucy skeleton:
Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Fractal. Koch curve fractal: Hans and Cassady.
Fungi. American fly agaric: Field Mark
Publications.
Galaxy. Galaxies forming: Ludek Pesek/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Andromeda galaxy: Tony Ward/Photo Researchers, Inc. Cartwheel galaxy:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Milky Way: Fred Espenak/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Galaxy and black hole: Mark Marten/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Game theory. Chess: Field Mark Publications.
Gases, properties of. Carbon dioxide: Charles D.
Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Gas mask. Troops in gas masks: The Bettmann
Archive. Firefighter in mask: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Gene. DNA strands: Howard Sochurek/Stock Market.
Female chromosomes: Phototake NYC.
Generator. Tesla with generator: The Granger
Collection, New York. Electrical generator: Adam Hart-Davis/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Gene therapy. Gene microinjection: Philippe
Plailly/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Genetic disorders. Pauling speaking (audio):
National Archives and Records Administration. Children with Down: Susan Woog Wagner/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Down chromosomes: Account Phototake/Phototake NYC.
Genetic engineering. Altered sheep: Philippe
Plailly/Photo Researchers, Inc. DNA injection: Jon Gordon/Phototake NYC.
Genetic fingerprinting. Genetic fingerprint:
Phototake NYC.
Genetics. Strands of DNA: Howard Sochurek/Stock
Market.
Geodesic dome. Fuller and dome: Hans Namuth/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Geologic time. Shapley speaking (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Trilobite fossil: JLM Visuals. Parasaurolophus:
Francois Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Geology. Lava fountain: U.S. Geological Survey
Photographic Laboratory.
Glacier. Muir Inlet: JLM Visuals. Antarctic
glacier: JLM Visuals.
Glass. Glass manufacturing: Jaroslav Kubec/Stock
Market.
Glomar Challenger. Glomar Challenger:
Corbis-Bettmann.
Gravity and gravitation. Astronauts floating:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Greenhouse effect. Gases comparison: Hans and
Cassady.
Gynecology. Exam instruments: Simon Fraser/Custom
Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Gyroscope. Gyroscopes: Al Francekevich/Stock
Market.
Heart. Anatomy of heart: Hans and Cassady. Heart
blood flow: Hans and Cassady. Plaque build-up: Martin M. Rotker/Phototake NYC.
Heating. Iron stove: Corbis-Bettmann. Solar panels:
Michael Johnson/Greenpeace.
Helicopter. Helicopters: AP/Wide World Photos.
Helicopter diagram: Hans and Cassady.
Heredity. Horses: PhotoEdit.
Hibernation. Squirrel life cycle: Hans and Cassady.
Hologram and holography. Human body hologram: Field
Mark Publications.
Horticulture. Balboa Park: Field Mark Publications.
Hubble Space Telescope. Hubble Telescope: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Hubble repaired: Archive Photos.
Human evolution. Human evolution: Corbis-Bettmann.
Lucy skeleton: Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Hydrogen. Hydrogen isotopes: Hans and Cassady.
Henry Cavendish: Library of Congress.
Hydrologic cycle. Hydrologic cycle (video): Hans
and Cassady. Hydrologic cycle: Hans and Cassady. Seeping aquifer: JLM Visuals.
Hydrothermal vent. Hydrothermal vent: W. R.
Normack/U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library.
Ice ages. Ice age refuge: R. A.
Mittermeier/Conservation International.
Iceberg. Iceberg: Tom Stewart/Stock Market. Glacier
calving: Mark Newman/Phototake NYC.
Indicator species. Lichens: JLM Visuals.
Industrial Revolution. Corliss steam engine:
Library of Congress.
Infrared astronomy. Mauna Kea telescope: Royal
Observatory, Edinburgh/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Inoculation. Cowpox cartoon: Library of Congress.
Edward Jenner: Library of Congress.
Insects. Queen bee life cycle (video): National
Archives and Records Administration. Insect features: Hans and Cassady. Damselfly: Field
Mark Publications.
Integrated circuit. Integrated circuits: Adam
Hart-Davis/Photo Researchers, Inc. Silicon chip: Andrew Syred/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Integumentary system. Skin cross section: Hans and
Cassady.
Interference. Wave patterns: Martin Dohrn/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Interferometry. Figure 1. Michelson: Hans and
Cassady. Figure 2. Top view: Hans and Cassady.
Internal-combustion engine. Automobile engine: FPG
International Corp.
Interstellar matter. Interstellar matter: Julian
Baum/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Invertebrates. Invertebrates: Hans and Cassady.
In vitro fertilization. Egg being injected: Hank
Morgan/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Island. Eleuthera Island: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
Jet engine. Turbojet engine: Hans and Cassady.
B-757 jet engine: Joe Towers/Stock Market.
Jupiter. Jupiter: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Jupiter's moons: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA). Great Red Spot: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Kangaroos and wallabies. Red kangaroos: Leonard Lee
Rue III/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Lake. Kettle lake: JLM Visuals. Lake Huron
shoreline: Field Mark Publications.
Laser. Laser beam: Chris Rogers/Bikderberg/Stock
Market. Laser surgery: Alexander Tsiaras/Photo Researchers, Inc.
LCD (liquid crystal display). Watch with LCD:
Granada Studios/FPG International Corp.
Leaf. Stomata on leaf: Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Bay laurel leaves: Field Mark Publications.
Lens. Figure 1. Lenses: Hans and Cassady.
Lichens. Lichens: JLM Visuals.
Light. Light refraction: Photo Researchers, Inc.
Liquid crystals. Figure 1. Crystals: William
Bourne.
Livestock. Sheep bleating (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration.
Lock and key. Yale lock: Teresa SanClementi.
Logarithm. John Napier: Library of Congress.
Luminescence. Firefly: Roy Morsch/Stock Market.
Mineral sample: JLM Visuals.
Luna. Luna 9: Sovfoto/Eastfoto.
Lymphatic system. Lymphocyte: Institut
Pasteur/Phototake NYC.
Magnetic recording/audiocassette. 1. Recording
head: Hans and Cassady. 2. Cassette and heads: Hans and Cassady.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI scanner:
Mason Morfit/FPG International Corp.
Magnetism. Magnet with iron: Alfred Pasieka/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Malnutrition. Malnourished people: Bruce
Bander/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Mammals. Grizzly bear cries (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Grey seal clicks (audio): National Archives and
Records Administration. River otter calls (audio): National Archives and Records
Administration. Sea lion sounds (audio): National Archives and Records Administration.
Walrus pup barks (audio): National Archives and Records Administration. Grizzly and cubs:
National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center.
Mammography. Mammogram: Ron Chapple/FPG
International Corp.
Marijuana. Dried marijuana: Tom McHugh/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Mariner. Mariner 10: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
Mars. Martian surface: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Olympus Mons volcano: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Mars: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Mass production. Craftsmen: AP/Wide World Photos.
Robots mass produced: Cecilia Posada/Phototake NYC.
Mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometer: Geoff
Tompkinson/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Matter, states of. Bromine in 3 states: Charles D.
Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Mendelian laws of inheritance. Figure 1. First law:
Hans and Cassady.
Mercury (element). Mercury (element): Dr. Jeremy
Burgess/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Mercury (planet). Mercury: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Mercury's surface: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
Metamorphosis. Butterfly life cycle (video): Hans
and Cassady. Butterfly chrysalis: Nelson-Bohart and Associates/Phototake NYC.
Meteor and meteorite. Willamette meteorite:
Corbis-Bettmann. Barringer Crater: JLM Visuals.
Microcomputer. Computer chips: AP/Wide World
Photos.
Microphone. Microphone: Teresa SanClementi.
Microwave communication. Microwave tower: Tony
Craddock/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Migration. Caribou: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Minerals. Gold leaf: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Rose quartz: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Mining. Coal strip mine: Francois Gohier/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Subsurface coal mine: Library of Congress.
Molecule. Space-filling models: Hans and Cassady.
Structural formulas: Hans and Cassady.
Mollusks. Land snail: JLM Visuals.
Moon. Moon walk (video): National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Moon landing (audio): National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Full view of Moon: JLM Visuals. Dark side of Moon: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Motion picture. Edison and kinetoscope (video):
National Archives and Records and Administration. Eastman and Edison: AP/Wide World
Photos.
Mountain. Mount Rainier: U.S. Geological Survey
Photographic Laboratory.
Movie camera. Edison and kinetoscope (video):
National Archives and Records and Administration. Etienne-Jules Marey: The Bettmann
Archive.
Muscular system. Muscles (anterior): John
Daugherty/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Musical instrument, electric. Electric instruments:
PhotoEdit.
Mutation. Mutant frog: JLM Visuals. Mutant fruit
fly: Phototake NYC.
Natural gas. Drilling platform: Bryan F.
Peterson/Stock Market.
U.S.S. Nautilus. U.S.S. Nautilus: UPI/Bettmann.
Nebula. Cat's Eye Nebula: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Nebula images: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA).
Neon. Neon atom: Kenneth Eward/Photo Researchers,
Inc.
Neon light. Bending neon lights:
UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Neptune. Neptune comparison: National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA).
Nervous system. Neurons in brain:
Secchi-Lecague/Roussel-UCLAF/CNRI/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Neuron. Figure 1. Neuron: Hans and Cassady. Neurons
in brain: Secchi-Lecague/Roussel-UCLAF/CNRI/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Neuron theory. Camillo Golgi: Library of Congress.
Neutron star. Crab Nebula: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
Nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen cycle: Hans and Cassady.
Nitrogen family. Nitrogen molecule: Clive
Freeman/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Noble gases. Neon atom: Kenneth Eward/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Xenon in storage: Will and Demi McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc.
North America. United States: M. R. Klepper/U.S.
Geological Survey Photographic Library. Cascade Mountains: Samuel Frear/U.S. Forest
Service. Lake Michigan coast: Richard Frear/National Park Service.
Nova. Nova Cygni 1992: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
Nuclear fission. Reactor fuel element: U.S.
Department of Energy/Photo Researchers, Inc. Nuclear chain reaction: Robert L. Wolke.
Nuclear fusion. Fusion reactor: Novosti Press
Agency/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Nuclear power. Shippingport plant: Library of
Congress. Three Mile Island: Robert Visser/Greenpeace. Davis-Besse plant: Field Mark
Publications. Chernobyl: AP/Wide World Photos.
Nuclear weapons. Trinity exploding (video):
National Archives and Records Administration. Oppenheimer speaking (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Seaborg speaking (audio): National Archives and
Records Administration. Atom bomb: Scott Camazine/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Nucleic acid. RNA model: Kenneth Eward/Photo
Researchers, Inc. DNA strands: Howard Sochurek/Stock Market. Human DNA: Dr. Louisa
Chow/Phototake NYC. DNA blueprint: Philippe Plailly/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Nutrition. USDA food pyramid: William Bourne.
Ocean. Ocean waves: Steve Wilkins/Stock Market.
Underwater ridge: W. R. Normack/U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library.
Oceanography. Alvin: H. Chezar/U.S. Geological
Survey Photographic Library. S. P. Lee: U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Laboratory.
Ocean zones. Humpback whale: U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. Hydrothermal vent: W. R. Normack/U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library.
Oil drilling. Oil-drilling rigs: U.S. Department of
Energy.
Oil refining. Pumping station: Peter
Britton/Phototake NYC.
Oil spills. Valdez clean-up:
Merjenburgh/Greenpeace. Oil-soaked bird: Wesley Bocxe/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Old-growth forest. Old-growth forest: Tom and Pat
Lesson/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Optical disc. Optical computer: David Parker/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Organic farming. Farming comparison: Hans and
Cassady.
Osmosis. Figure 1. Osmosis: Hans and Cassady.
Oxygen family. Sulfur combusting: Lawrence
Migdale/Photo Researchers, Inc. Sulfur cycle: Hans and Cassady.
Ozone. Ozone comparison: Hans and Cassady. Ozone
depletion: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Pacemaker. Pacemaker: Eamonn McNulty/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Paleontology. Fossil cleaning: Philippe
Plailly/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Parasites. Flea: Phillip A. Harrington/Stock
Market. Liver fluke: JLM Visuals. Schistosomes: Goivaux Communication/Phototake NYC.
Particle accelerators. Vivitron accelerator:
Philippe Plailly/Eurelios/Photo Researchers, Inc. First cyclotron: Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory/Photo Researchers, Inc. CAT scan: Mauritus GMBH/Phototake NYC.
Penicillin. Waksman speaking (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Penicillin: Michael Seigel/Phototake NYC.
Perception. Depth perception: Field Mark
Publications.
Periodic table. 1. Periodic table: Hans and
Cassady. 2. Atomic radii: Hans and Cassady.
Petroglyphs and pictographs. Petroglyphs: Field
Mark Publications.
Petroleum. Oil wells in Siberia:
Lekarer/Greenpeace. Oil-drilling rig: David Halpern/Photo Researchers, Inc. Oil pipeline:
JLM Visuals.
Photography. First photograph: The Bettmann
Archive. Louis Daguerre: Library of Congress. Talbotype: Corbis-Bettmann.
Photosynthesis. Tobacco leaf: Dr. Jeremy
Burgess/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Physical therapy. Physical therapy: Will and Demi
McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Plague. House-burning: St. Bartholomew
Hospital/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Plant. Nerve plant: Field Mark Publications. Corn
smut: Leonard Lee Rue III/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Plastics. Plastic: National Audubon Society
Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Plate tectonics. Pangaea: Hans and Cassady. San
Andreas Fault: JLM Visuals.
Pluto. Pluto and Charon: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
Pneumonia. Pneumonia bacteria: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Poisons and toxins. Venom: World Health
Organization.
Poliomyelitis. Salk speaking (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Iron lungs: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Pollution. Pollution source (video): Hans and
Cassady. Air pollution: Ron Romanosky/Greenpeace. Water pollution: U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service.
Pollution control. Pollution control: Tom
Carroll/Phototake NYC. Clean air: Robert Visser/Greenpeace. Clean water: U.S. Forest
Service.
Polyester. Wallace Carothers: AP/Wide World Photos.
Polygon. Figure 1. Polygons: Hans and Cassady.
Polymer. Polymer products: Charles D. Winters/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Potassium. Violet fireworks: City of Detroit
Department of Public Information.
Prenatal surgery. Developing fetus: Howard
Sochurek/Stock Market.
Primates. Siamang calling (audio): National
Archives and Records Administration. Orangutan: Planet Earth Pictures. Philippine tarsier:
A. W. Ambler/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Probability theory. Snake eyes: Field Mark
Publications.
Protein. Enkephalin: Professor K. Seddon/Queen's
University Belfast/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Protozoa. Paramecium: Michael Abbey/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Qualitative analysis. Spectrometer: Joseph
Nettis/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Quantum mechanics. Werner Heisenberg: Library of
Congress.
Quasar. Quasar 120+101: Science Source/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Radar. 3-D radar view: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA)/Photo Researchers, Inc. Winds on radar: National Center for
Atmospheric Research. Radar and war effort: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Radiation detector. Geiger counter: Hank
Morgan/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Radiation exposure. Exposure victim: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Greenpeace.
Radio. 1920s radio: Corbis-Bettmann. Radio towers:
Tom Bean/Stock Market.
Radioactive tracers. Radioactive tracers: Photo
Researchers, Inc. Geiger counter: Hank Morgan/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Radioactivity. Henri Becquerel: Library of
Congress.
Radio astronomy. VLA radio telescopes: JLM Visuals.
Nebula images: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Radiology. CAT scan: Mauritus GMBH/Phototake NYC.
Radiation treatment: Martin Dohrn/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Rain forest. Rain forest canopy: Gregory G.
Dimijian/Photo Researchers, Inc. Amazon rain forest: Francois Gohier/Photo Researchers,
Inc. Rain forest burning: National Center for Atmospheric Research.
Reaction, chemical. Chemical reaction: David
Taylor/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Recycling. Curbside recycling: Field Mark
Publications. Recyclable glass: Field Mark Publications.
Redshift. Black hole/red giant: Julian Baum/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Relativity, theory of. Albert Einstein: Library of
Congress.
Reproduction. Asexual reproduction (video): Hans
and Cassady. Hydra budding: James Bell/Photo Researchers, Inc. Sperm on uterus:
Fawcett/Phillips/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Reproductive system. Female system: John
Bovari/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Reptiles. Chuckwalla iguana: Field Mark
Publications.
Respiratory system. Respiratory system: Hans and
Cassady. Chest X ray: National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Rh factor. Path of Rh disease: Hans and Cassady.
River. Parana River: Carl Frank/Photo Researchers,
Inc. Susquehanna River: U.S. Coast Guard.
Road building. Freeway construction: Tom
Carroll/Phototake NYC. Mass transit: Peter Gridley/FPG International Corp.
Robotics. Robot handling bomb: Spencer Grant/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Assembling robots: Cecilia Posada/Phototake NYC.
Rockets and missiles. Goddard with rocket: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Saturn rocket launch: National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA). Challenger liftoff: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
Rocks. Granite and obsidian: John Buitenkant/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Limestone: A. W. Ambler/Photo Researchers, Inc. Gneiss: JLM Visuals.
Satellite. Solarmax satellite: National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA). ROSAT satellite: Dornier Space/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Saturn. Saturn: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Saturn's rings: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA). Christiaan Huygens: Library of Congress.
Seasons. Seasons: Hans and Cassady.
Seed. Bee pollinating (video): National Archives
and Records Administration. Grass seed: Roy Morsch/Stock Market.
Seismology. Seismograph: Reuters/Corbis-Bettmann.
Set theory. Figure 1. Subset : Hans and Cassady.
Figure 2. Complement: Hans and Cassady. Figure 3. Union: Hans and Cassady. Figure 4.
Intersect: Hans and Cassady. Figure 5. Difference: Hans and Cassady.
Sexually transmitted disease. Progression of STD:
Hans and Cassady. Syphilis infection: CNRI/Phototake NYC.
Silicon. Circuit and chip: FPG International Corp.
Silicone. Silicone implants: Peter A.
Simon/Phototake NYC.
Skeletal system. Human skeleton: Martin Dohrn/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Human bone: Professor P. Motta/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Skis and ski bindings. Skier Tommy Moe: AP/Wide
World Photos.
Skyscraper. New York skyscrapers: Michael M.
Grossman/Phototake NYC.
Slash-and-burn agriculture. Slash-and-burn: Asa C.
Thoresen/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Slinky. Slinky: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Smell. Smell process: Hans and Cassady.
Snakes. Timber rattlesnake: JLM Visuals. Venom:
World Health organization.
Soil. Soil horizons: Joyce Photographics/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Solar system. Solar system: Hans and Cassady. Solar
system forming: David A. Hardy/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Solution. Figure 1: Solubility: Hans and Cassady.
South America. Iguazu Falls: Susan D. Rock.
Spacecraft, manned. Apollo 11 liftoff (video):
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Moon landing (audio): National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Sputnik 1: UPI/Bettmann. Apollo 11: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Soyuz 11: Sovfoto/Eastfoto.
Space equipment. John Glenn: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
David Scott on Moon: Photo Researchers, Inc.
Space shuttle. Challenger exploding (video):
Library of Congress. Atlantis: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Columbia: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Challenger exploding:
UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Mariner 10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Voyager: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Space station. Skylab: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Space telescope. Hubble telescope: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Spectroscopy. Fig. 1. Spectroscope: Hans and
Cassady.
Split-brain research. Roger Sperry: Library of
Congress.
Sponges. Vase sponge: Nancy Sefton/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Sputnik. Sputnik 1: UPI/Bettmann.
Star. Antares: Ronald Royer/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Birth of two stars: Julian Baum/Photo Researchers, Inc. Star life cycles: David A.
Hardy/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Star cluster. Pleiades cluster: Photo Researchers,
Inc.
Stealth aircraft. B-2 Stealth Bomber: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Steam engine. Steam engines: Corbis-Bettmann.
Corliss steam engine: Library of Congress.
Storm. Clouds gathering (video): National Archives
and Records Administration. Lightning flashing (video): National Archives and Records
Administration. Cyclone Forrest: AP/Wide World Photos.
Subatomic particles. Electron track: Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Submarine. Bushnell's Turtle: Mary Evans Picture
Library. U.S.S. Tennessee: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Trident submarine: Tom Kelly/Phototake
NYC.
Subway. Subway train: John Madere/Stock Market.
Succession. Succession: Hans and Cassady.
Sulfanomide drug. Waksman speaking (audio):
National Archives and Records Administration.
Sun. Sun: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Solar flare: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Superconductor. Superconductor: Yoav Levy/Phototake
NYC.
Supernova. Supernova Cassiopeia: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Surfboard. Surfboard: Jeff Divine/FPG International
Corp.
Surgery. Open-heart surgery: Martin Dohrn/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Laser surgery: Alexander Tsiaras/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Swiss army knife. Swiss army knife: AP/Wide World
Photos.
Synapse. Synapses: Dennis Kunkel/Phototake NYC.
Taste. Human taste anatomy: Hans and Cassady. Human
taste buds: Carolina Biological Supply/Phototake NYC.
Teaching aid. Computer learning: Will and Demi
McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Telephone. Bell on telephone: National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA).
Telescope. Optical telescope: Royal Observatory,
Edinburgh/Photo Researchers, Inc. Mauna Kea telescope: Royal Observatory, Edinburgh/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Space telescope: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Teratogen. Thalidomide victim: AP/Wide World
Photos.
Tetanus. Shibasaburo Kitasato: Corbis-Bettmann.
Thermal expansion. Expansion joint: JLM Visuals.
Three-D motion picture. 3-D movie audience: FPG
International Corp.
Thunderstorm. Clouds gathering (video): National
Archives and Records Administration. Lightning flashing (video): National Archives and
Records Administration. Lightning: Kent Wood/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Tides. High tide: JLM Visuals. Low tide: JLM
Visuals.
Tissue. Breast cancer tissue: Dennis
Kunkel/Phototake NYC.
Topology. Fig. 1. Shapes 1 and 2: Hans and Cassady.
Fig. 2. Shapes 3 and 4: Hans and Cassady. Fig. 3. Shapes 5 and 6: Hans and Cassady. Fig.
4. Mobius strip: Hans and Cassady. Fig. 5. Klein bottle: Hans and Cassady.
Tornado. Tornado twisting (video): National
Archives and Records Administration. Tornado: Photri/Bikderberg/Stock Market.
Torpedo. Torpedoes: UPI/Bettmann.
Train and railroad. Steam engine: Mark Gamba/Stock
Market. Bullet train: Phototake.
Transformer. Transformer: Tardos Camesi/Stock
Market.
Transistor. Transistor: Michael Abbey/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Transition elements. Magnet and iron: Yoav
Levy/Phototake NYC. Copper: JLM Visuals. Mercury (element): Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Transplant, surgical. Heart transplant: Alexander
Tsiaras/Photo Researchers, Inc. Kidney transplant: Ann Chawatsky/Phototake NYC.
Tree. Birch tree: K. G. Vock/Okapia/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Heartwood: Field Mark Publications.
Tsunami. Tsunami: David A. Hardy/Photo Researchers,
Inc.
Tumor. Tumor comparison: Hans and Cassady. Benign
tumor: James Stevenson/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Tunnel. Tunnel construction: PhotoEdit.
Tunneling. Figure 1.: Tunneling: Hans and Cassady.
Typewriter. Christopher Sholes: The Bettmann
Archive.
Ultrasonics. Ultrasound image: Jacqueline Longe.
Ultrasound performed: Richard Nowitz/FPG International Corp.
Ultraviolet astronomy. ROSAT satellite: Dornier
Space/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Uranium. Uranium-235: Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Uranus. Uranus: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Uranus's rings: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA).
Vaccine. Salk speaking (audio): National Archives
and Records Administration. Rabies vaccination: Jean-Loup Charmet/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Venus. Venusian surface: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Venusian highlands: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
Vertebrates. Banded anteater: John Cancalosi.
Viking. Viking 1: AP/Wide World Photos.
Virtual reality. Virtual reality: Thomas
Ernstein/Bikderberg/Stock Market.
Virus. Human herpes virus: A. B. Dowsett/Photo
Researchers, Inc. Figure 1. Viruses: Hans and Cassady.
Vitamin. Vitamin C crystals: Alfred Pasieka/Photo
Researchers, Inc. James Lind: Corbis-Bettmann.
Volcano. Volcano erupting (video): U.S. Department
of Agriculture. St. Helens erupting (video): U. S. Geological Survey. Volcano erupting:
Krafft/Photo Researchers, Inc. Mount St. Helens: U.S. Geological Survey Photographic
Laboratory. Volcanic cinder cone: Tom Bean/Stock Market. Lava fountain: U.S. Geological
Survey Photographic Laboratory. Pahoehoe (lava): JLM Visuals. Molten lava: JLM Visuals.
Voyager. Voyager: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
Waste management. Hazardous waste: Alexander
Lowry/Photo Researchers, Inc. Fresh Kills landfill: Robert Visser/Greenpeace. RESCO refuse
plant: Royal Greenwich Observatory/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Water. Freshwater stream: JLM Visuals. Seeping
aquifer: JLM Visuals.
Weather forecasting. Winds on radar: National
Center for Atmospheric Research.
Weather map. Weather map: JLM Visuals.
Weather. Snowstorm: National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
Wetlands. Lake Erie wetland: Field Mark
Publications.
White dwarf. Giant and white dwarf: Space Telescope
Science Institute/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Wind. Bridge collapsing (video): Library of
Congress. Hurricane winds: Library of Congress.
Wind tunnel. Wind tunnel: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
X ray. First X ray: Royal Institute of Technology.
Chest X ray: National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. X-ray tube:
Robert L. Wolke.
X-ray astronomy. All-sky X-ray map: Naval Research
Laboratory.
Yeast. Yeast: Carolina Biological Supply/Phototake
NYC. Wine tasting: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
Yellow fever. Max Theiler: Library of Congress.
TIMELINE:
c. 2500 B.C.: Beekeeping begins in Egypt.
Honeybees: JLM Visuals.
c. 2400 B.C.: Abacus first used. Abacus: Hans and
Cassady.
2296 B.C.: Comet sighting recorded. Comet: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
c. 2000 B.C.: Horses tamed. A Przewalski's horse:
J. Gordon Miller.
c. 525 B.C.: Pythagoras declares Earth round.
Earth: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
c. 440 B.C.: Geometry textbook first written.
Euclid's Elements: Library of Congress.
c. 100 B.C.: Waterwheel first appears. Waterwheel:
Chris Hamilton/Stock Market.
169: Galen understands importance of pulse. Galen:
Library of Congress.
430: Plague recorded for first time in Europe.
Plague victim: Library of Congress.
670: Greek fire invented. Greek fire: Library of
Congress.
c. 775: Alchemist discovers salts. Geber: Library
of Congress.
c. 980: Learning reborn in Europe. Muse of
Arithmetic: Library of Congress.
c. 1200: Buckwheat introduced to Europe. Buckwheat:
John Kaprielian/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1302: Autopsy first recorded. Dissection: Library
of Congress.
1373: Canal lock built in Europe. Netherlands
canal: Porterfield/Chickering/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1450: Typography invented. Johannes Gutenberg:
Library of Congress.
1542: Botanical glossary compiled. Fuchs's
cucumber: Library of Congress.
1570: Strata first observed scientifically. Strata
in canyon: Richard Frear/National Park Service.
1581: Galileo discovers pendulum principle.
Pendulum: James Steveson/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1594: Logarithms created. John Napier: Library of
Congress.
1607: Animals study published. Gesner's rhinoceros:
Library of Congress.
1609: Galileo first to use telescope. Galileo and
telescope: Library of Congress.
1637: Descartes founds analytic geometry. Rene
Descartes: Library of Congress.
1642: Pascal builds calculating machine. Pascal's
calculator: Corbis-Bettmann.
1665: Hooke illustrates cell. Micrographia drawing:
Library of Congress.
1665 February: Blood transfused from animal to animal.
Blood transfusion: Library of Congress.
1673: Leibniz builds calculating machine. Leibniz's
calculator: Library of Congress.
1673: Pendulum principle applied to clocks.
Pendulum clocks: Library of Congress.
1674: Tourniquet invented. Amputation: Library of
Congress.
1752 June: Franklin experiments with electricity.
Franklin and lightning: Library of Congress.
1753: Scurvy researched. James Lind:
Corbis-Bettmann.
c. 1763: Plant hybridization text published.
Pollination: Field Mark Publications.
1776 September 7: Submarine first demonstrated.
Bushnell's Turtle: Mary Evans Picture Library.
1781: Watt enhances steam engine. Watt's steam
engine: The Granger Collection, New York.
1782: Rusting seen not to change metal's weight.
Lavoisier's scale: Library of Congress.
1783 December 1: Hydrogen balloon first flown.
Hydrogen balloon: Library of Congress.
1784: Crystal structure theory proposed.
Crystallography: Library of Congress.
1784: Distance from Earth to stars estimated. Solar
system: Hans and Cassady.
1792: Coal gas used to light house. Gas lighting:
Library of Congress.
1796 May 14: Smallpox vaccine first administered.
Inoculation cartoon: Library of Congress.
1798: Experimental geology founded. Granite and
obsidian: John Buitenkant/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1799 August: Rosetta Stone discovered. Rosetta
Stone: Corbis-Bettmann.
1800 March 20: Voltaic pile invented. Voltaic
piles: Library of Congress.
1804: Audubon conducts bird-banding experiments.
Audubon watercolor: Library of Congress.
1816: Glacier coverage theory proposed. Antarctic
glacier: JLM Visuals.
1816: Photographic image first produced. First
photograph: The Bettmann Archive.
1828 September 27: Steam-powered passenger train opens.
Steam engine: Mark Gamba/Stock Market.
1831: Jupiter's Great Red Spot illustrated. Great
Red Spot: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1834: Babbage raises programmable computer idea.
Babbage's computer: The Granger Collection, New York.
1836: Colt patents revolver. Revolver: Hans and
Cassady.
1836: Electrochemical battery improved. Daniell
cell: Library of Congress.
1837 June: Telegraphic system patented. Morse code:
Library of Congress.
1840 March 13: Typesetting machine patented.
Typesetting: Library of Congress.
1841 February 8: Photographic negative first produced.
Talbotype: Corbis-Bettmann.
1847: Rotary printing press patented. Printing
press: Library of Congress.
1849: Corliss improves steam engine. Corliss steam
engine: Library of Congress.
1849: American woman receives medical degree.
Elizabeth Blackwell: Library of Congress.
1852: Gyroscope invented. Gyroscopes: Al
Francekevich/Stock Market.
1852 September 24: Powered, manned airship first flown.
Airship structure: Hans and Cassady.
1854: Windmill tower revolutionizes wind power.
Wind turbines: U.S. Department of Energy.
1855: Bunsen burner appears. Bunsen burner: Library
of Congress.
1856: Converter cheapens steel manufacturing. Steel
being forged: The Granger Collection, New York.
1859 August 27: Oil well first drilled.
Oil-drilling rigs: U.S. Department of Energy.
1866: Mendel discovers laws of heredity. Mendel's
sweet peas: The Granger Collection, New York.
1867: Typewriter developed for commercial use.
Christopher Sholes: The Bettmann Archive
1869: Sun's spectrum photographed. Sun: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1869 March 6: Mendeleev publishes periodic table.
Mendeleev's table: The Granger Collection, New York.
1873: DDT synthesized. DDT spraying: Library of
Congress.
1881: American Red Cross founded. Clara Barton:
Library of Congress.
1881: Movie camera invented. Etienne-Jules Marey:
The Bettmann Archive.
1883 August 26: Krakatoa volcano erupts. Tsunami:
David A. Hardy/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1885: Benz builds first true automobile. Benz in
first auto: Library of Congress.
1885: Linotype typesetting machine patented.
Linotype: Library of Congress.
1887: Ether shown not to exist. Interferometer:
Hans and Cassady.
1892: Artificial silk created. Cellophane: Library
of Congress.
1894 April 14: Kinetoscope displayed. Edison and
kinetoscope (video): National Archives and Records and Administration.
1895 November 5: X rays accidentally discovered. X
ray cartoon: Library of Congress.
1895: Wireless signals successfully transmitted.
Marconi and wireless: The Bettmann Archive.
1896: Tsiolkovsky experiments with space rockets.
K. Tsiolkovsky: Library of Congress.
1896 March 1: Natural radioactivity observed.
Uranium-235: Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1898: Curies discover radioactive elements. Marie
and Pierre Curie: The Bettmann Archive.
1897: Diesel engine built for commercial use.
Diesel engine: The Bettmann Archive.
1903: String galvanometer invented.
Electrocardiogram: Mug Shots/Stock Market.
1903 December 17: Wright brothers make historic flight.
Wrights first flight: Library of Congress.
1904 November 16: Electron tube invented. Electron
tubes: Library of Congress.
1904: Interstellar matter discovered. Interstellar
matter: Julian Baum/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1905: Hydrofoil operated. Hydrofoil: Library of
Congress.
1905: Meteor crater theory proposed. Barringer
Crater: JLM Visuals.
1905 September 27: Einstein suggests E=mc2.
Einstein speaking (audio): National Archives and Records Administration.
1906: Earth's core detected. Earth's interior: Hans
and Cassady.
1908: Geiger counter developed. Geiger counter:
Hank Morgan/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1911: Superconductivity discovered. Superconductor:
Yoav Levy/Phototake NYC.
1911 May 7: Rutherford updates atomic theory.
Atomic theory: Hand and Cassady.
1913: Metamorphic rock theory proposed. Gneiss: JLM
Visuals.
1915: Continental drift theory proposed. Pangaea:
Hans and Cassady.
1917: Frozen foods first sold. Clarence Birdseye:
Library of Congress.
1921: Game theory first developed. Snake eyes:
Field Mark Publications.
1924: Stars located in Andromeda galaxy. Andromeda
galaxy: Tony Ward/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1925: Cosmic rays get named. Cosmic ray: Dmitry
Skobeltzyn/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1926: Plastics' structures described. Polymer
products: Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1926 March 16: Goddard launches liquid-fueled rocket.
Goddard with rocket: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1928: Cathode-ray tube patented. Cathode-ray tube:
Library of Congress.
1928 September: Penicillin discovered. Penicillin:
Michael Seigel/Phototake NYC.
1928 September 18: Graf Zeppelin launches passenger
service. Graf Zeppelin: Library of Congress.
1930: Cycloton built at Berkeley. First cyclotron:
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1932 May 20: Earhart flies solo across Atlantic.
Amelia Earhart: Archive Photos.
1934: Nuclear chain reaction produced. Nuclear
chain reaction: Robert L. Wolke.
1935: Radar developed. Radar and war effort:
UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
1942 December 2: Atomic age begins with controlled
reaction. Reaction explained (audio): National Archives and Records Administration.
1943 January: Automatic computer fully operational.
Mark I: Library of Congress.
1944: Streptomycin discovered. Waksman speaking
(audio): National Archives and Records Administration.
1945 July 16: Atomic bomb tested. Trinity exploding
(video): National Archives and Records Administration. Bomb over Nagasaki: Scott
Camazine/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1946 February 16: ENIAC becomes fully operational.
ENIAC: UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
1947: Holography conceived. Human body hologram:
Field Mark Publications.
1948: Big bang theory elaborated on. Big bang
aftermath: Ludek Pesek/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1948 June 30: Transistor demonstrated. 1950s
transistor: Library of Congress.
1952: Pacemaker introduced. Historic pacemaker:
Library of Congress.
1952 May: IBM 701 digital computer launched. 1964
IBM computer: Library of Congress.
1953: Automobile airbag patented. Airbag:
UPI/Corbis-Bettmann.
1953: DNA's molecular structure discovered. DNA
structure: Robert L. Wolke.
1953 May 6: Open-heart surgery first performed.
Open-heart surgery: Martin Dohrn/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1954: Polio vaccine developed. Salk speaking
(audio): National Archives and Records Administration. Salk inoculating boy: Library of
Congress.
1955: Fiber optics introduced. Optical fibers: Eric
Schrempp/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1955 January 17: Submarine nuclear powered. U.S.S.
Nautilus: UPI/Bettmann.
1957 October 4: Space age launched with Sputnik 1.
Sputnik 1: UPI/Bettmann.
1958 September: Integrated circuit built.
Integrated circuits: Adam Hart-Davis/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1958 December 18: Satellite communications era begins.
Echo 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1960 May: Laser built. Laser beam: Chris
Rogers/Bikderberg/Stock Market.
1960 May 10: First undersea voyage around the world.
Trident submarine: Tom Kelly/Phototake NYC.
1964 October 1: High-speed railroad line opens in
Japan. High-speed train: Library of Congress.
1968: Minicams first used. Apollo 11 liftoff:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1968 December 31: Supersonic jet makes first flight.
Tupolev Tu-144: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
c. 1969: CAT scan debuts. CAT scan: Mauritus
GMBH/Phototake NYC.
1969 February 9: Boeing 747 makes first flight.
Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet: Federal Aviation Administration.
1969 March 2: Concorde makes first supersonic flight.
Concorde: AP/Wide World Photos.
1969 April: Artificial heart implanted. Artificial
heart: National Institutes of Health/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1969 August 20: Armstrong and Aldrin walk on Moon.
Moon walk (video): National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Moon landing
(audio): National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Aldrin on Moon: National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1971: Pocket calculators mass-produced.
Calculators: Doug Handel/Stock Market.
1974: Deep-sea vents discovered. Underwater ridge:
W. R. Normack/U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library.
1975: Fractal mathematics developed. Koch curve
fractal: Hans and Cassady.
1975: Personal computer software created. Computer
class: Blair Seltz/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1976: Space probes land on Mars. Viking 1: AP/Wide
World Photos.
1976 September 3: Mars pictures transmitted to Earth.
Martian surface: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1979 March 28: Three Mile Island melts down. Three
Mile Island: Robert Visser/Greenpeace.
1984 February 3: McCandless takes untethered space
walk. Challenger: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1986: Deep-sea vents exhibit life-forms. Deep-sea
vent: W. R. Normack/U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library.
1986 December 14: Voyager flies world nonstop,
unrefueled. Voyager airplane: Library of Congress.
1990 April 24: First telescope launched into outer
space. Hubble telescope: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
1990 September: Gene therapy performed. Gene
therapy: Philippe Plailly/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1993 January 12: Optical computer prototype
constructed. Optical computer: David Parker/Photo Researchers, Inc.
1994 November 14: Eurotunnel opens. Bullet train:
Phototake.
1996 March 24: Lucid first American woman aboard Mir.
Lucid aboard Mir: Archive Photos.
1997 February 23: Cloning of adult mammal. Dolly:
Philippe Plailly/Photo Researchers, Inc.